AMD Instinct MI300A vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 D Comparison

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The database contains no direct head-to-head benchmark entries for the AMD Instinct MI300A and the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 D. The MI300A has an empty benchmark array, zero recorded scores, and no nearest rivals listed. The RTX 5090 D, by contrast, has a full suite of ten benchmark results and a robust competitive profile. This asymmetry means the only quantitative comparison available is the RTX 5090 D against its own nearest rivals, not against the MI300A directly.

The RTX 5090 D delivers an average benchmark score of 77,712 across all recorded tests. Its percentile ranking sits at 92, meaning it outperforms 92 percent of all GPUs in the database. The nearest rival data places the RTX 5090 D in a tight cluster. The AMD Radeon RX 6650M XT scores 76,904, which is 1.1 percent lower than the RTX 5090 D. The AMD Radeon RX 6850M XT scores 78,940, which is 1.6 percent higher. The NVIDIA Tesla P100 PCIe 12 GB scores 79,396, 2.1 percent higher, and the NVIDIA Tesla P100 PCIe 16 GB scores 79,605, 2.4 percent higher.

The individual benchmark results for the RTX 5090 D show its strongest performance in compute-oriented workloads. The Geekbench Vulkan score reaches 376,915, while the Geekbench OpenCL score reaches 310,674. These two results dwarf the PassMark scores, which range from 231 in DirectX 10 to 434 in DirectX 9. The PassMark G3D score of 44,065 and the PassMark GPU Compute score of 28,396 both sit well above the DirectX-specific tests. The 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score of 14,326 provides a modern gaming workload data point.

The MI300A carries a 50th percentile ranking with an average benchmark score of zero, which indicates no recorded performance data in the database. Its wins count is zero, and the RTX 5090 D also shows zero wins in the head-to-head field. The lack of any head-to-head benchmarks means neither product can claim a measured victory over the other in this dataset.

Architecture Differences

The two accelerators come from different design philosophies. The AMD Instinct MI300A uses the CDNA 3.0 architecture with a chip designated Aqua Vanjaram, built on a 5 nm TSMC process. It contains 153,000 million transistors on a 1017 mm² die, yielding a transistor density of 150.4 million per square millimeter. The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 D uses the Blackwell 2.0 architecture with a GB202 chip, also on a 5 nm TSMC process, but with 92,200 million transistors on a 750 mm² die, for a density of 122.9 million per square millimeter.

Memory configurations diverge sharply. The MI300A carries 128 GB of HBM3 memory across an 8192-bit bus, producing 5.32 TB/s of bandwidth. The RTX 5090 D has 32 GB of GDDR7 memory on a 512-bit bus, delivering 1.79 TB/s. The MI300A memory clock runs at 1300 MHz with 5.2 Gbps effective speed; the RTX 5090 D memory clock is 1750 MHz with 28 Gbps effective.

Core counts follow different paradigms. The MI300A has 14,592 shading units, 912 texture mapping units, and zero ROPs. Its pixel rate is listed as 0 MPixel/s, and its texture rate is 1,915.2 GTexel/s. The RTX 5090 D has 21,760 shading units, 680 TMUs, 176 ROPs, 170 ray tracing cores, and 680 tensor cores. Its pixel rate is 423.6 GPixel/s, and its texture rate is 1,636.8 GTexel/s.

Clock speeds and compute throughput favor the NVIDIA part. The RTX 5090 D base clock is 2017 MHz with a boost of 2407 MHz. The MI300A base clock is 1000 MHz with a boost of 2100 MHz. FP32 performance measures 104.8 TFLOPS for the RTX 5090 D, against 61.29 TFLOPS for the MI300A. The RTX 5090 D also lists FP16 at 104.8 TFLOPS with a 1:1 ratio, while the MI300A has no FP16 figure recorded.

Power and physical specifications differ substantially. The MI300A draws 750 W with a suggested PSU of 1150 W, uses an OAM Module slot width, and has no power connectors listed. The RTX 5090 D draws 575 W with a suggested PSU of 950 W, uses a dual-slot design, and connects via a single 16-pin connector. The RTX 5090 D measures 304 mm in length, 137 mm in height, and 48 mm in width. The MI300A has no dimensions recorded.

Interface and output capabilities separate the two completely. Both use PCIe 5.0 x16. The MI300A has no display outputs, while the RTX 5090 D provides 1x HDMI 2.1b and 3x DisplayPort 2.1b. API support shows the MI300A with N/A for DirectX, OpenGL, and Vulkan. The RTX 5090 D supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4.

Release timing places the MI300A on December 5, 2023, with a predecessor of Radeon Instinct. The RTX 5090 D launched January 29, 2025, with a predecessor of GeForce 40 and a successor of GeForce 60. The RTX 5090 D has a launch MSRP of 2,299 USD. The MI300A has no launch MSRP recorded. Production status for the RTX 5090 D is Active; the MI300A has no production status listed.

The Verdict

The data supports a clear distinction based on workload type, despite the absence of direct benchmark comparisons. The RTX 5090 D is the only one of the two with measured performance data. Its 92nd percentile ranking and average score of 77,712 confirm it as a high-performing part in the database. The MI300A has no recorded benchmarks, so it cannot be ranked or compared empirically.

For compute-heavy tasks using FP32 or FP16 workloads, the RTX 5090 D delivers 104.8 TFLOPS in both precisions, which is 71 percent higher than the MI300A FP32 figure of 61.29 TFLOPS. The RTX 5090 D also supports modern graphics APIs, ray tracing cores, and tensor cores, making it suitable for rendering, AI inference, and gaming workloads. The MI300A has no API support, no display outputs, and no pixel rate, indicating it is not designed for graphics output.

For memory-intensive workloads, the MI300A holds the advantage. Its 128 GB HBM3 pool with 5.32 TB/s bandwidth is nearly three times the bandwidth of the RTX 5090 D at 1.79 TB/s, and four times the capacity. The 8192-bit bus width dwarfs the 512-bit bus of the RTX 5090 D. Texture rate also favors the MI300A at 1,915.2 GTexel/s versus 1,636.8 GTexel/s.

The nearest rivals for the RTX 5090 D show it is competitively positioned but not dominant. It trails the RX 6850M XT by 1.6 percent, the Tesla P100 12 GB by 2.1 percent, and the Tesla P100 16 GB by 2.4 percent, while leading the RX 6650M XT by 1.1 percent. These margins are small, indicating the RTX 5090 D sits in a tightly contested performance band.

Users who require graphics output, ray tracing, gaming compatibility, or general-purpose compute with API support should choose the RTX 5090 D. Users who need massive memory capacity, extreme memory bandwidth, or high texture throughput in a compute-only environment should consider the MI300A, provided the lack of benchmark data does not disqualify it for their use case.

FAQ

Q: Which GPU has a higher FP32 compute throughput?

A: The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 D records 104.8 TFLOPS FP32, while the AMD Instinct MI300A records 61.29 TFLOPS FP32.

Q: What is the memory capacity difference between the two?

A: The AMD Instinct MI300A has 128 GB of HBM3 memory, while the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 D has 32 GB of GDDR7 memory.

Q: Does the MI300A support display outputs?

A: No, the MI300A lists no display outputs, whereas the RTX 5090 D provides 1x HDMI 2.1b and 3x DisplayPort 2.1b.

Q: How does the RTX 5090 D compare to its nearest rivals in average score?

A: The RTX 5090 D average score is 77,712. It is 1.1 percent ahead of the AMD Radeon RX 6650M XT, and 1.6 percent behind the AMD Radeon RX 6850M XT, 2.1 percent behind the NVIDIA Tesla P100 PCIe 12 GB, and 2.4 percent behind the NVIDIA Tesla P100 PCIe 16 GB.

Q: Which GPU has the higher memory bandwidth?

A: The AMD Instinct MI300A delivers 5.32 TB/s bandwidth, compared to 1.79 TB/s for the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 D.

Q: What API support does each GPU offer?

A: The RTX 5090 D supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. The MI300A lists N/A for DirectX, OpenGL, and Vulkan.

Where Each One Wins

The AMD Instinct MI300A wins decisively in memory capacity and bandwidth. Its 128 GB HBM3 configuration with 5.32 TB/s bandwidth and 8192-bit bus serves workloads that need large datasets resident on the GPU. The RTX 5090 D cannot match this, with 32 GB and 1.79 TB/s. The MI300A also leads in texture rate at 1,915.2 GTexel/s versus 1,636.8 GTexel/s, and in transistor count at 153,000 million versus 92,200 million, with a higher density of 150.4M per mm² against 122.9M per mm².

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 D wins in compute throughput, graphics capability, and measured performance. Its FP32 output of 104.8 TFLOPS is 43.51 TFLOPS higher than the MI300A. It provides FP16 at the same 104.8 TFLOPS with a 1:1 ratio, a feature the MI300A lacks in the recorded data. The RTX 5090 D has 176 ROPs and a pixel rate of 423.6 GPixel/s, while the MI300A has zero ROPs and zero pixel rate. Ray tracing cores and tensor cores exist only on the RTX 5090 D.

The RTX 5090 D wins on clock speeds, with a base of 2017 MHz and boost of 2407 MHz against 1000 MHz and 2100 MHz for the MI300A. It wins on shading units, 21,760 versus 14,592. It wins on API compatibility, offering modern graphics APIs where the MI300A offers none. It wins on physical integration, using a dual-slot form factor with a single 16-pin connector and a 575 W TDP, while the MI300A uses an OAM Module with no connectors and a 750 W TDP.

The RTX 5090 D wins on measured benchmark performance. Its average score of 77,712 and 92nd percentile ranking are the only quantitative performance data available between the two. The MI300A has no benchmark scores recorded, placing it at the 50th percentile with an average of zero. The RTX 5090 D also wins on production status, listed as Active, while the MI300A has no production status recorded.

The RTX 5090 D wins on display connectivity, with HDMI 2.1b and DisplayPort 2.1b outputs. The MI300A has no outputs at all. The RTX 5090 D wins on ray tracing and tensor workloads, with 170 RT cores and 680 tensor cores. The MI300A has no such hardware listed. The RTX 5090 D wins on memory clock speed at 1750 MHz versus 1300 MHz for the MI300A.

The MI300A wins on memory bus width, 8192 bit versus 512 bit, and on memory type suitability for high-capacity HBM3 deployments. The MI300A wins on die size, 1017 mm² versus 750 mm², suggesting a larger physical array of compute resources. The MI300A wins on texture mapping units, 912 versus 680, and on the resulting texture fill rate.

The RTX 5090 D wins on power efficiency per unit of compute, delivering 104.8 TFLOPS at 575 W, while the MI300A delivers 61.29 TFLOPS at 750 W. The RTX 5090 D wins on form factor flexibility with standard dimensions of 304 mm by 137 mm by 48 mm, while the MI300A has no dimensions recorded. The RTX 5090 D wins on software ecosystem support, with DirectX 12 Ultimate, OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4 all available. The MI300A has no API support listed.

The RTX 5090 D wins on release recency, launching January 29, 2025, over a year after the MI300A on December 5, 2023. The RTX 5090 D has a successor listed as GeForce 60, while the MI300A has no successor recorded. The RTX 5090 D has a launch MSRP of 2,299 USD; the MI300A has none recorded.