AMD Instinct MI300A vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D Comparison

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The recorded data presents an unusual comparison: the AMD Instinct MI300A has no benchmark entries in the database, while the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D has three recorded test scores. The MI300A therefore shows zero wins, and the RTX 4090 D shows zero wins as well, since the head-to-head benchmark table is empty. This means the comparison relies entirely on the RTX 4090 D's absolute scores and its position relative to other NVIDIA accelerators, not on direct measurements against the MI300A.

The RTX 4090 D posts a 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score of 8,587. In Geekbench OpenCL, it records 278,621 points, and in Geekbench Vulkan, 246,941 points. Its average benchmark score across these tests is 178,050. That average places the card at the 98th percentile among all GPUs in the database, which indicates it sits near the top of the recorded performance distribution. The nearest rivals in the database are all NVIDIA data center or workstation parts, and the RTX 4090 D trails each of them by a small margin. The NVIDIA RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell leads with an average score of 182,109, which is 2.2% ahead of the RTX 4090 D. The NVIDIA A100 SXM4 80 GB averages 183,725, a 3.1% advantage. The NVIDIA RTX 5000 Ada Generation averages 184,664, 3.6% ahead. The NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB averages 187,147, 4.9% ahead. So the RTX 4090 D is the lowest-scoring part among these five accelerators, but the gaps are narrow, all within 5%.

The MI300A carries no benchmark scores, no average score, and no nearest rivals in the database. Its percentile versus all GPUs is listed at 50, which is a neutral midpoint rather than a measured result. With zero benchmark entries, the data cannot confirm any performance advantage for the MI300A in any workload. The only measurable wins in this comparison belong to the RTX 4090 D by default, since it has recorded scores and the MI300A has none.

Where Each One Wins

The RTX 4090 D wins in every category where the database has actual measurements. Its three benchmark results cover three different APIs and workloads. The 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score of 8,587 tests DirectX 12 graphics rendering. The Geekbench OpenCL score of 278,621 measures general-purpose compute through the OpenCL API. The Geekbench Vulkan score of 246,941 measures the same class of workload through the Vulkan API. The card also supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4, so it can run the full range of modern graphics and compute APIs. Its pixel rate of 443.5 GPixel/s and texture rate of 1,149.1 GTexel/s indicate strong rasterization throughput. Its FP32 compute is 73.54 TFLOPS, and its FP16 compute matches at 73.54 TFLOPS with a 1:1 ratio, meaning it does not halve throughput for half-precision work.

The MI300A wins in memory capacity and memory bandwidth, based purely on its specifications. It has 128 GB of HBM3 memory on an 8192-bit bus, delivering 5.32 TB/s of bandwidth. The RTX 4090 D has 24 GB of GDDR6X on a 384-bit bus, delivering 1.01 TB/s. The MI300A also has a higher texture rate at 1,915.2 GTexel/s versus 1,149.1 GTexel/s for the RTX 4090 D. However, the MI300A has a pixel rate of 0 MPixel/s, because it has no ROPs and no display outputs. It also has no graphics API support: DirectX, OpenGL, and Vulkan are all listed as N/A. The RTX 4090 D has 176 ROPs and a full set of display outputs, including 1x HDMI 2.1 and 3x DisplayPort 1.4a. So the MI300A is a compute-oriented accelerator with no rendering path, while the RTX 4090 D is a full graphics card.

The MI300A does have a higher FP32 rating in raw specifications? No, the data shows the RTX 4090 D at 73.54 TFLOPS and the MI300A at 61.29 TFLOPS, so the NVIDIA part is ahead there as well. The MI300A leads in transistor count at 153,000 million versus 76,300 million, and in die size at 1017 mm² versus 609 mm². Its transistor density is 150.4M per mm² versus 125.3M per mm² for the RTX 4090 D. Both use a 5 nm process from TSMC. The MI300A has 1,912 TMUs versus 456 for the RTX 4090 D, and both have 14,592 shading units. The MI300A has no tensor cores or RT cores listed, while the RTX 4090 D has 456 tensor cores and 114 RT cores.

The Verdict

The data indicates that the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D is the only part in this comparison with measurable performance. Its average benchmark score of 178,050 places it at the 98th percentile among all GPUs, and it sits within 5% of four higher-scoring NVIDIA accelerators. The RTX 4090 D delivers 73.54 TFLOPS of FP32 and FP16 compute, supports DirectX 12 Ultimate, OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4, and has a pixel rate of 443.5 GPixel/s. It also has a 24 GB GDDR6X memory pool with 1.01 TB/s bandwidth, which is sufficient for many high-end workloads. Its launch MSRP is 1,599 USD.

The AMD Instinct MI300A has no recorded benchmarks, no average score, and no nearest rivals. Its specifications show a very different design: 128 GB of HBM3 with 5.32 TB/s bandwidth, 1,915.2 GTexel/s texture rate, and 61.29 TFLOPS of FP32 compute. But the absence of any benchmark data means the database cannot confirm how that hardware performs in practice. The MI300A also lacks display outputs, ROPs, and graphics API support, so it cannot function as a display adapter or run graphics workloads. It has a TDP of 750 W and requires a 1150 W suggested PSU, versus 425 W and 800 W for the RTX 4090 D.

For a user who needs a graphics card with display outputs, API support, and measurable benchmark results, the RTX 4090 D is the clear choice based on the recorded data. For a user who needs maximum memory capacity and bandwidth for compute workloads, the MI300A has the specification advantage, but the database provides no evidence of its actual performance. The RTX 4090 D is the only part with verified scores, so it holds the only confirmed wins in this comparison.

FAQ

Q: Which GPU has the higher average benchmark score?

A: The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D has an average benchmark score of 178,050, placing it at the 98th percentile among all GPUs. The AMD Instinct MI300A has no benchmark scores recorded, so its average is listed as 0.

Q: How does the RTX 4090 D compare to its nearest rivals?

A: The RTX 4090 D trails the NVIDIA RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell by 2.2%, the NVIDIA A100 SXM4 80 GB by 3.1%, the NVIDIA RTX 5000 Ada Generation by 3.6%, and the NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB by 4.9%.

Q: What are the memory specifications for each GPU?

A: The AMD Instinct MI300A has 128 GB of HBM3 memory on an 8192-bit bus with 5.32 TB/s bandwidth. The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D has 24 GB of GDDR6X memory on a 384-bit bus with 1.01 TB/s bandwidth.

Q: Which GPU supports graphics APIs?

A: The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. The AMD Instinct MI300A lists DirectX, OpenGL, and Vulkan as N/A.

Q: What are the FP32 compute ratings?

A: The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D delivers 73.54 TFLOPS of FP32 compute. The AMD Instinct MI300A delivers 61.29 TFLOPS of FP32 compute.

Q: Which GPU has display outputs?

A: The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D has 1x HDMI 2.1 and 3x DisplayPort 1.4a outputs. The AMD Instinct MI300A has no display outputs.

Architecture Differences

The two accelerators come from different architectural families. The AMD Instinct MI300A uses the CDNA 3.0 architecture on the Aqua Vanjaram chip, part of the Instinct (MIx) generation. The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D uses the Ada Lovelace architecture on the AD102 chip, part of the GeForce 40 series. Both are built on a 5 nm process at TSMC, but the similarities end there.

The MI300A has a transistor count of 153,000 million on a die size of 1017 mm², giving a density of 150.4M transistors per mm². The RTX 4090 D has 76,300 million transistors on a 609 mm² die, for a density of 125.3M per mm². The MI300A is the larger and denser chip by a significant margin.

The MI300A uses HBM3 memory with 128 GB capacity, an 8192-bit bus, and a bandwidth of 5.32 TB/s. Its memory clock is listed at 1300 MHz with 5.2 Gbps effective. The RTX 4090 D uses GDDR6X with 24 GB capacity, a 384-bit bus, and 1.01 TB/s bandwidth. Its memory clock is 1313 MHz with 21 Gbps effective. The MI300A has roughly five times the memory capacity and over five times the bandwidth, but the RTX 4090 D has a much faster effective memory data rate per pin.

The shading unit count is identical at 14,592 for both parts. The MI300A has 912 texture mapping units and 0 ROPs, while the RTX 4090 D has 456 TMUs and 176 ROPs. The MI300A's texture rate is 1,915.2 GTexel/s versus 1,149.1 GTexel/s for the RTX 4090 D. The MI300A has a pixel rate of 0 MPixel/s because it has no ROPs, while the RTX 4090 D achieves 443.5 GPixel/s. The MI300A has no RT cores or tensor cores listed, while the RTX 4090 D includes 114 RT cores and 456 tensor cores.

Clock speeds differ substantially. The MI300A has a base clock of 1000 MHz and a boost clock of 2100 MHz. The RTX 4090 D has a base clock of 2280 MHz and a boost clock of 2520 MHz. The RTX 4090 D runs at more than double the base clock of the MI300A, which contributes to its higher FP32 throughput despite having the same shading unit count.

Power and physical specifications also diverge. The MI300A has a TDP of 750 W and a suggested PSU of 1150 W, with no power connectors because it is an OAM Module. The RTX 4090 D has a TDP of 425 W, a suggested PSU of 800 W, and uses a single 16-pin connector. The RTX 4090 D is a triple-slot card measuring 304 mm in length, 137 mm in height, and 61 mm in width. The MI300A has no listed dimensions.

The bus interface differs: the MI300A uses PCIe 5.0 x16, while the RTX 4090 D uses PCIe 4.0 x16. The MI300A has no display outputs, while the RTX 4090 D provides one HDMI 2.1 and three DisplayPort 1.4a outputs. The MI300A has no graphics API support, while the RTX 4090 D supports DirectX 12 Ultimate, OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4.

The RTX 4090 D was released on December 27, 2023, and its production status is end-of-life. Its predecessor is the GeForce 30 series and its successor is the GeForce 50 series. The MI300A was released on December 5, 2023, and its predecessor is listed as Radeon Instinct. The RTX 4090 D has a launch MSRP of 1,599 USD, while the MI300A has no launch MSRP listed.