AMD Radeon RX 5600 OEM vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Mobile Comparison

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The recorded data shows a decisive victory for the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Mobile across the two shared benchmark tests. In Geekbench OpenCL, the NVIDIA part scores 201,834 against the AMD Radeon RX 5600 OEM's 62,427, a delta of -69.1% from the AMD card's perspective, meaning the RTX 5090 Mobile is roughly 3.2 times faster. The gap widens slightly in Geekbench Vulkan, where the RTX 5090 Mobile posts 198,405 versus 53,743 for the RX 5600 OEM, a -72.9% delta. That translates to about 3.7 times the performance in that API workload.

The RX 5600 OEM's average benchmark score of 58,085 places it in the 87th percentile of all GPUs in the database, while the RTX 5090 Mobile's average of 45,152 sits in the 84th percentile. This creates an interesting situation: the AMD card has a higher percentile ranking despite being far slower in head-to-head tests, because its average is pulled up by a different mix of benchmark submissions. The RTX 5090 Mobile's dataset includes more demanding tests like 3DMark Steel Nomad (DX12) at 5,871, PassMark DirectX 9 at 324, and PassMark G3D at 30,034, which drag down its average relative to the RX 5600 OEM's two Geekbench-only scores.

Looking at the nearest rivals for each card clarifies the competitive landscape. The RX 5600 OEM sits within a tight cluster: Intel Arc A570M at 58,239 (-0.3%), AMD Radeon RX 6950 XT at 58,392 (-0.5%), Intel Arc A580 at 57,756 (+0.6%), and NVIDIA P102-100 at 58,528 (-0.8%). These deltas are all under 1%, indicating the RX 5600 OEM is essentially tied with those four parts in aggregate performance. The RTX 5090 Mobile's rivals are similarly close: AMD Radeon Pro 5500 XT at 45,384 (-0.5%), NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti at 44,795 (+0.8%), Intel Arc A730M at 45,592 (-1%), and NVIDIA RTX 5880 Ada Generation at 45,972 (-1.8%). The RTX 5090 Mobile's average is within 2% of all four, showing it also lands in a crowded performance band.

The head-to-head results are unambiguous: the RTX 5090 Mobile wins both tests, and the margins are overwhelming. The RX 5600 OEM does not secure a single benchmark win in the direct comparison. The Vulkan delta of -72.9% is the largest single gap, suggesting the NVIDIA architecture handles that API particularly well relative to the older RDNA 1.0 implementation. OpenCL is slightly closer but still a blowout, with the RTX 5090 Mobile holding a 3.2x advantage.

Architecture Differences

The two GPUs come from different architectural generations separated by multiple product cycles. The AMD Radeon RX 5600 OEM uses Navi 10 with RDNA 1.0 architecture, built on TSMC's 7 nm process. It packs 10,300 million transistors into a 251 mm² die, giving a transistor density of 41.0 million per mm². The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Mobile uses GB203 with Blackwell 2.0 architecture, also on TSMC silicon but at 5 nm. That chip contains 45,600 million transistors across a 378 mm² die, yielding 120.6 million transistors per mm². The density difference is stark: the Blackwell chip fits nearly three times more transistors per area, a direct result of the smaller process node and newer design.

Core configuration diverges sharply. The RX 5600 OEM has 2,048 shading units, 128 texture mapping units, and 64 render output units. The RTX 5090 Mobile has 10,496 shading units, 328 TMUs, and 112 ROPs. The NVIDIA part also integrates 82 ray tracing cores and 328 tensor cores, features entirely absent from the AMD card, which lists no RT or tensor hardware. The FP32 compute figures reflect this scale difference: 6.390 TFLOPS for the RX 5600 OEM versus 31.80 TFLOPS for the RTX 5090 Mobile. The FP16 numbers also differ in ratio: the AMD card achieves 12.78 TFLOPS via a 2:1 rate, while the NVIDIA part sustains 31.80 TFLOPS at a 1:1 ratio, meaning no throughput penalty for FP16 workloads.

Memory subsystems are generations apart. The RX 5600 OEM uses 6 GB of GDDR6 on a 192-bit bus, delivering 288.0 GB/s of bandwidth. The RTX 5090 Mobile uses 24 GB of GDDR7 on a 256-bit bus, delivering 896.0 GB/s. That is a 3.1x bandwidth advantage for the NVIDIA part, which also has four times the capacity. Clock behavior differs too: the AMD card runs at a 1130 MHz base and 1560 MHz boost, with a game clock of 1375 MHz and memory at 1500 MHz (12 Gbps effective). The RTX 5090 Mobile has a lower base of 990 MHz and boost of 1515 MHz, but its memory runs at 1750 MHz (28 Gbps effective), more than double the AMD memory clock.

The power envelope flips expectations. The RX 5600 OEM carries a 125 W TDP and requires a dual-slot cooler with a single 8-pin power connector, plus a 300 W suggested PSU. The RTX 5090 Mobile has a 95 W TDP, uses an integrated form factor (IGP), and needs no external power connectors, being portable-device dependent. This is a mobile GPU that draws less power than the desktop-oriented AMD part while delivering far more compute. The bus interface also advances: PCIe 4.0 x16 on the AMD side versus PCIe 5.0 x16 on the NVIDIA side. Display outputs differ as well: the RX 5600 OEM offers 1x HDMI 2.0b and 3x DisplayPort 1.4a, while the RTX 5090 Mobile's outputs are listed as portable device dependent.

API support shows the generational leap. The RX 5600 OEM supports DirectX 12 (12_1), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. The RTX 5090 Mobile supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), the same OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. The DirectX 12_2 feature level on the NVIDIA side enables hardware ray tracing and mesh shaders, neither of which the RDNA 1.0 part can claim.

FAQ

Q: Which GPU is faster in Geekbench OpenCL?

A: The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Mobile scores 201,834 versus 62,427 for the AMD Radeon RX 5600 OEM, a -69.1% delta, meaning the NVIDIA part is about 3.2 times faster.

Q: How do their average benchmark scores compare?

A: The RX 5600 OEM averages 58,085 and ranks in the 87th percentile of all GPUs. The RTX 5090 Mobile averages 45,152 and ranks in the 84th percentile, despite winning both head-to-head tests, due to a different mix of benchmark submissions in the database.

Q: What is the memory bandwidth difference?

A: The RTX 5090 Mobile delivers 896.0 GB/s from 24 GB of GDDR7 on a 256-bit bus. The RX 5600 OEM delivers 288.0 GB/s from 6 GB of GDDR6 on a 192-bit bus, a 3.1x bandwidth gap.

Q: Does the RTX 5090 Mobile support ray tracing hardware?

A: Yes, it has 82 dedicated ray tracing cores and 328 tensor cores. The RX 5600 OEM lists no RT or tensor cores, and its DirectX 12_1 support lacks the 12_2 features like hardware ray tracing found on the RTX 5090 Mobile.

Q: Which GPU has a higher transistor density?

A: The RTX 5090 Mobile on TSMC 5 nm reaches 120.6 million transistors per mm² with 45,600 million transistors on a 378 mm² die. The RX 5600 OEM on TSMC 7 nm has 41.0 million per mm² with 10,300 million transistors on a 251 mm² die.

Q: What are the power requirements for each card?

A: The RX 5600 OEM has a 125 W TDP, needs a dual-slot cooler, a single 8-pin power connector, and a 300 W suggested PSU. The RTX 5090 Mobile has a 95 W TDP, uses an integrated form factor, requires no power connectors, and is portable device dependent.

Specification Differences

| Specification | AMD Radeon RX 5600 OEM | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Mobile |

|---|---|---|

| Architecture | RDNA 1.0 | Blackwell 2.0 |

| Process node | 7 nm | 5 nm |

| Transistors | 10,300 million | 45,600 million |

| Die size | 251 mm² | 378 mm² |

| Transistor density | 41.0M / mm² | 120.6M / mm² |

| Base clock | 1130 MHz | 990 MHz |

| Boost clock | 1560 MHz | 1515 MHz |

| Memory clock | 1500 MHz (12 Gbps effective) | 1750 MHz (28 Gbps effective) |

| Memory size | 6 GB | 24 GB |

| Memory type | GDDR6 | GDDR7 |

| Memory bus width | 192 bit | 256 bit |

| Memory bandwidth | 288.0 GB/s | 896.0 GB/s |

| Shading units | 2048 | 10496 |

| TMUs | 128 | 328 |

| ROPs | 64 | 112 |

| RT cores | None | 82 |

| Tensor cores | None | 328 |

| Pixel rate | 99.84 GPixel/s | 169.7 GPixel/s |

| Texture rate | 199.7 GTexel/s | 496.9 GTexel/s |

| FP32 | 6.390 TFLOPS | 31.80 TFLOPS |

| FP16 | 12.78 TFLOPS (2:1) | 31.80 TFLOPS (1:1) |

| TDP | 125 W | 95 W |

| Slot width | Dual-slot | IGP |

| Power connectors | 1x 8-pin | None |

| Suggested PSU | 300 W | None |

| Bus interface | PCIe 4.0 x16 | PCIe 5.0 x16 |

| Display outputs | 1x HDMI 2.0b, 3x DisplayPort 1.4a | Portable Device Dependent |

| DirectX support | 12 (12_1) | 12 Ultimate (12_2) |

| Production status | End-of-life | Active |

| Release date | 2020-01-20 | 2025-03-26 |

Where Each One Wins

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 Mobile dominates every measured benchmark category in the database. It wins both Geekbench OpenCL and Vulkan tests by massive margins, and its architecture carries all the modern features: ray tracing cores, tensor cores, GDDR7 memory, PCIe 5.0, and DirectX 12 Ultimate. For gamers or compute users who need raw throughput, the RTX 5090 Mobile is the clear choice, especially in scenarios involving ray-traced effects, AI acceleration via tensor cores, or large memory footprints like 24 GB capacity. Its 896.0 GB/s bandwidth and 31.80 TFLOPS FP32 make it suitable for high-resolution textures, complex shaders, and data-heavy workloads. The lower 95 W TDP also means it can fit into thin laptops without external power bricks, a significant advantage for portability.

The AMD Radeon RX 5600 OEM has no benchmark wins to claim, but its profile still suits specific legacy or embedded use cases. Its 87th percentile ranking against all GPUs, despite lower raw scores, suggests it performs well in the specific benchmark mix recorded for it. The card's 125 W TDP, dual-slot design, and standard display outputs (HDMI 2.0b, three DisplayPort 1.4a) make it a straightforward drop-in part for desktop systems with existing power supplies. The 6 GB GDDR6 memory at 288.0 GB/s is adequate for 1080p gaming at the time of its release, and the RDNA 1.0 architecture provides solid Vulkan and OpenGL support. Its end-of-life production status means it is a legacy part, but it still sits within 1% of rivals like the Intel Arc A570M and AMD Radeon RX 6950 XT in aggregate score, showing it remains competitive in its narrow performance band.

The use-case split is stark: the RTX 5090 Mobile wins for anyone prioritizing performance, modern feature support, or energy efficiency, while the RX 5600 OEM is only relevant for systems requiring a specific desktop form factor, standard display outputs, or a power connector configuration that mobile parts cannot provide. The data does not support any scenario where the RX 5600 OEM outperforms the RTX 5090 Mobile in raw speed, but the AMD card's higher percentile ranking and tighter rival cluster indicate it can still deliver consistent results in its intended desktop niche.