AMD Radeon Pro Vega 64X vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D Comparison

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The only directly comparable benchmark recorded in the database for both cards is Geekbench OpenCL. The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D scores 278,621, while the AMD Radeon Pro Vega 64X scores 78,467. This translates to a delta of 255.1% in favor of the NVIDIA card, meaning it is roughly 3.5 times faster in this compute-oriented test.

The RTX 4090 D also has a much higher average benchmark score of 178,050, compared to 80,959 for the Radeon Pro Vega 64X. Looking at percentile rankings, the NVIDIA card sits in the 98th percentile of all GPUs, while the AMD card sits in the 92nd percentile. The gap in percentile is modest, but the raw performance gap is enormous. For additional context, the Geekbench Vulkan score for the RTX 4090 D is 246,941, and its 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score is 8,587. The AMD card has a Geekbench Metal score of 83,450, but no Vulkan or DirectX 12 result is recorded for it.

The nearest rivals for the RTX 4090 D are all NVIDIA data center or workstation parts: the RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell (182,109 average score, -2.2% delta), the A100 SXM4 80 GB (183,725, -3.1%), the RTX 5000 Ada Generation (184,664, -3.6%), and the A100 SXM4 40 GB (187,147, -4.9%). This shows the RTX 4090 D is positioned slightly below those parts in average score, but very close to them. Its average score is 178,050, which is 2.2% behind the closest rival, the RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell.

For the Radeon Pro Vega 64X, the nearest rivals are a mix of AMD and NVIDIA parts: the AMD Radeon PRO W6600 (81,995, -1.3% delta), the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 (79,842, +1.4% delta), the NVIDIA Tesla P100 PCIe 16 GB (79,605, +1.7%), and the NVIDIA Tesla P100 PCIe 12 GB (79,396, +2%). The Vega 64X's average score of 80,959 puts it just 1.3% behind the W6600, while it is 1.4% ahead of the RTX 5090. This indicates the Vega 64X is competitive with those specific parts in average score, despite being far behind the RTX 4090 D.

The Verdict

The data is unambiguous: the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D wins the only head-to-head benchmark by a margin of 255.1%. Its average benchmark score of 178,050 is more than double the 80,959 of the AMD Radeon Pro Vega 64X. The RTX 4090 D is also in a higher percentile (98 vs. 92) and has a significantly higher FP32 compute rating of 73.54 TFLOPS versus 12.03 TFLOPS for the AMD card.

The RTX 4090 D should be chosen by anyone whose workload is dominated by raw compute performance, particularly in OpenCL. The nearest rival data shows the RTX 4090 D is within 4.9% of the A100 SXM4 40 GB and within 2.2% of the RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell, which puts it in a high-performance tier. The Radeon Pro Vega 64X, by contrast, is competitive with the Radeon PRO W6600 and the RTX 5090 in average score, but it is not in the same performance class as the RTX 4090 D.

The AMD card's only recorded benchmark wins are not directly against the RTX 4090 D. It has a Geekbench Metal score of 83,450, but the RTX 4090 D has no Metal score recorded. The data shows no scenario where the Radeon Pro Vega 64X outperforms the RTX 4090 D in a common test. The verdict is clear: the RTX 4090 D is the superior card for general compute performance, and the Vega 64X is a lower-performance part that happens to be positioned near the RTX 5090 and W6600 in the database's ranking.

Architecture Differences

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D is built on the AD102 chip using the Ada Lovelace architecture, fabricated on a 5 nm process at TSMC. It contains 76,300 million transistors on a 609 mm² die, giving a transistor density of 125.3 million per mm². The AMD Radeon Pro Vega 64X uses the Vega 10 chip with GCN 5.0 architecture, fabricated on a 14 nm process at GlobalFoundries. It has 12,500 million transistors on a 495 mm² die, with a density of 25.3 million per mm². The NVIDIA chip has over six times more transistors and a density nearly five times higher.

The RTX 4090 D has 14,592 shading units, 456 texture mapping units, and 176 ROPs. It also has 114 ray tracing cores and 456 tensor cores. The Radeon Pro Vega 64X has 4,096 shading units, 256 TMUs, and 64 ROPs. It has no ray tracing cores and no tensor cores. The shading unit count is 3.5 times higher on the NVIDIA card.

Memory subsystems differ substantially. The RTX 4090 D has 24 GB of GDDR6X on a 384-bit bus, delivering 1.01 TB/s of bandwidth. The Vega 64X has 16 GB of HBM2 on a 2048-bit bus, delivering 512.0 GB/s. The NVIDIA card has more capacity and double the bandwidth. Clock speeds also differ: the RTX 4090 D has a base clock of 2280 MHz and a boost of 2520 MHz, while the Vega 64X has a base of 1250 MHz and a boost of 1468 MHz. Memory clocks are 1313 MHz (21 Gbps effective) for NVIDIA and 1000 MHz (2 Gbps effective) for AMD.

The API support also differs. The RTX 4090 D supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. The Vega 64X supports DirectX 12 (12_1), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.3. The NVIDIA card has a higher DirectX feature level and a newer Vulkan version. Power consumption differs as well: the RTX 4090 D has a TDP of 425 W, while the Vega 64X has a TDP of 250 W.

FAQ

Q: Which card has a higher average benchmark score?

A: The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D has an average score of 178,050, while the AMD Radeon Pro Vega 64X has an average score of 80,959.

Q: How much faster is the RTX 4090 D in Geekbench OpenCL?

A: The RTX 4090 D scores 278,621 compared to 78,467 for the Vega 64X, a delta of 255.1%.

Q: Does the Radeon Pro Vega 64X support ray tracing?

A: No, the Vega 64X has no ray tracing cores, while the RTX 4090 D has 114 ray tracing cores.

Q: What is the memory bandwidth difference?

A: The RTX 4090 D has 1.01 TB/s of bandwidth from 24 GB of GDDR6X on a 384-bit bus. The Vega 64X has 512.0 GB/s from 16 GB of HBM2 on a 2048-bit bus.

Q: Which card is in a higher performance percentile?

A: The RTX 4090 D is in the 98th percentile of all GPUs, while the Vega 64X is in the 92nd percentile.

Q: What is the transistor count difference?

A: The RTX 4090 D has 76,300 million transistors, while the Vega 64X has 12,500 million transistors.

Where Each One Wins

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D wins in every recorded benchmark that directly compares the two cards. Its Geekbench OpenCL score is 255.1% higher. The RTX 4090 D also has advantages in raw compute metrics: FP32 performance of 73.54 TFLOPS versus 12.03 TFLOPS, a texture rate of 1,149.1 GTexel/s versus 375.8 GTexel/s, and a pixel rate of 443.5 GPixel/s versus 93.95 GPixel/s. These numbers indicate the RTX 4090 D is suited for heavy compute workloads, 3D rendering, and any task that leverages CUDA, given its tensor cores and ray tracing cores.

The Radeon Pro Vega 64X wins in specific areas that are not directly benchmarked against the RTX 4090 D. It has a Geekbench Metal score of 83,450, which is its strongest recorded result. In the database's nearest rival comparison, the Vega 64X is 1.4% ahead of the RTX 5090 and 1.7% ahead of the Tesla P100 PCIe 16 GB in average score. This suggests the Vega 64X is a competitive part within its own performance tier, particularly for macOS or Metal-based workloads. Its FP16 performance of 24.05 TFLOPS (2:1 ratio) is actually higher than its FP32 rate, indicating a design that favors half-precision compute, but this is not reflected in the recorded head-to-head tests.

For use cases, the RTX 4090 D is the clear choice for DirectX 12 Ultimate gaming, Vulkan 1.4 applications, and any CUDA-accelerated workflow. The Vega 64X is suited for Metal-based environments or systems where its 250 W TDP and lack of power connectors are required, such as integrated or portable deployments. The Vega 64X also has a faster memory bus width (2048 bit vs. 384 bit), but the RTX 4090 D's higher memory clock and GDDR6X type give it higher effective bandwidth.

Specification Differences

| Field | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D | AMD Radeon Pro Vega 64X |

|---|---|---|

| Architecture | Ada Lovelace | GCN 5.0 |

| Process Node | 5 nm | 14 nm |

| Foundry | TSMC | GlobalFoundries |

| Transistors | 76,300 million | 12,500 million |

| Die Size | 609 mm² | 495 mm² |

| Transistor Density | 125.3M / mm² | 25.3M / mm² |

| Base Clock | 2280 MHz | 1250 MHz |

| Boost Clock | 2520 MHz | 1468 MHz |

| Memory Clock | 1313 MHz (21 Gbps effective) | 1000 MHz (2 Gbps effective) |

| Memory Size | 24 GB | 16 GB |

| Memory Type | GDDR6X | HBM2 |

| Memory Bus Width | 384 bit | 2048 bit |

| Memory Bandwidth | 1.01 TB/s | 512.0 GB/s |

| Shading Units | 14592 | 4096 |

| TMUs | 456 | 256 |

| ROPs | 176 | 64 |

| RT Cores | 114 | None |

| Tensor Cores | 456 | None |

| Pixel Rate | 443.5 GPixel/s | 93.95 GPixel/s |

| Texture Rate | 1,149.1 GTexel/s | 375.8 GTexel/s |

| FP32 | 73.54 TFLOPS | 12.03 TFLOPS |

| FP16 | 73.54 TFLOPS (1:1) | 24.05 TFLOPS (2:1) |

| TDP | 425 W | 250 W |

| Slot Width | Triple-slot | IGP |

| Power Connectors | 1x 16-pin | None |

| Suggested PSU | 800 W | None |

| Bus Interface | PCIe 4.0 x16 | PCIe 3.0 x16 |

| Display Outputs | 1x HDMI 2.13x DisplayPort 1.4a | Portable Device Dependent |

| DirectX | 12 Ultimate (12_2) | 12 (12_1) |

| Vulkan | 1.4 | 1.3 |

| Dimensions | 304 mm x 137 mm x 61 mm | Not recorded |

| Release Date | 2023-12-27 | 2019-03-18 |

| Launch MSRP | 1,599 USD | Not recorded |