AMD Radeon Pro Vega 64 vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D Comparison

FAQ

Q: What is the average benchmark score for the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D?

A: The RTX 4090 D has an average benchmark score of 178,050, placing it in the 98th percentile of all GPUs in the database. Its closest rival, the NVIDIA RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell, scores 182,109, which is 2.2% higher.

Q: How does the AMD Radeon Pro Vega 64 compare to its nearest rivals?

A: The Radeon Pro Vega 64 scores 72,379 on average, which is 0.4% ahead of the NVIDIA TITAN X Pascal (72,098) and 0.9% ahead of the AMD Radeon RX 6650M (71,768). It trails the AMD Radeon Vega Frontier Edition by 1.4%, which scores 73,370.

Q: What are the memory specifications of each card?

A: The RTX 4090 D has 24 GB of GDDR6X memory on a 384-bit bus with 1.01 TB/s bandwidth. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 has 16 GB of HBM2 memory on a 2048-bit bus with 402.4 GB/s bandwidth.

Q: Which card has a higher FP32 compute throughput?

A: The RTX 4090 D delivers 73.54 TFLOPS of FP32 performance, while the Radeon Pro Vega 64 delivers 11.06 TFLOPS. The RTX 4090 D also has a higher pixel rate at 443.5 GPixel/s versus 86.40 GPixel/s, and a higher texture rate at 1,149.1 GTexel/s versus 345.6 GTexel/s.

Q: What is the process node and transistor count for each GPU?

A: The RTX 4090 D is built on TSMC's 5 nm process with 76,300 million transistors on a 609 mm² die. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 uses GlobalFoundries' 14 nm process with 12,500 million transistors on a 495 mm² die.

Q: Which APIs are supported by each card?

A: The RTX 4090 D supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 supports DirectX 12 (12_1), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.3.

The Verdict

The data paints a clear picture for users deciding between these two GPUs. The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D is the dominant performer across every benchmark where both cards appear in the head-to-head comparison. In Geekbench OpenCL, it scores 278,621 against 71,094 for the Radeon Pro Vega 64, a 291.9% advantage. In Geekbench Vulkan, it scores 246,941 against 74,174, a 232.9% lead. The RTX 4090 D wins both head-to-head tests.

Users who need maximum compute performance, especially in OpenCL or Vulkan workloads, should pick the RTX 4090 D. Its 98th percentile ranking among all GPUs, combined with an average score of 178,050, places it far above the Radeon Pro Vega 64's 91st percentile and 72,379 average. The RTX 4090 D also supports newer API versions, including DirectX 12 Ultimate and Vulkan 1.4, which may matter for compatibility with modern applications.

The Radeon Pro Vega 64 is an older, end-of-life product from 2017. It remains competitive among its immediate peers, sitting within a narrow band of rivals that includes the TITAN X Pascal and Radeon RX 6650M, but it cannot match the RTX 4090 D in any measured metric. For users constrained to the AMD ecosystem, the Radeon Pro Vega 64 still holds its own against similar-generation hardware, but the benchmark data shows a massive gap to the newer NVIDIA card.

The RTX 4090 D is also end-of-life, but its performance headroom is substantial. Anyone requiring the highest possible scores in OpenCL or Vulkan should choose the RTX 4090 D without hesitation. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 is only appropriate for legacy systems or scenarios where its specific form factor, an IGP with no power connectors, is required.

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The head-to-head comparison in the database includes two tests: Geekbench OpenCL and Geekbench Vulkan. In both, the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 D wins decisively.

In Geekbench OpenCL, the RTX 4090 D scores 278,621, while the Radeon Pro Vega 64 scores 71,094. The delta is 291.9%, meaning the RTX 4090 D delivers nearly four times the OpenCL score of the AMD card. This is the largest gap between the two in any recorded test.

In Geekbench Vulkan, the RTX 4090 D scores 246,941 against 74,174 for the Radeon Pro Vega 64, a 232.9% difference. While slightly smaller than the OpenCL margin, it still represents a performance advantage of more than three times.

The RTX 4090 D also appears in the 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 test with a score of 8,587. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 has no entry for this test, so a direct comparison is not possible. Similarly, the Radeon Pro Vega 64 has a Geekbench Metal score of 71,868, but the RTX 4090 D has no Metal score recorded, so no cross-comparison can be made there.

The 291.9% OpenCL delta and 232.9% Vulkan delta are consistent with the overall average benchmark gap. The RTX 4090 D's average score of 178,050 is roughly 2.5 times the Radeon Pro Vega 64's 72,379. These numbers indicate that the performance difference is not confined to a single API; it spans compute workloads broadly.

Specification Differences

The two cards differ in nearly every major specification category.

Memory capacity: the RTX 4090 D has 24 GB, while the Radeon Pro Vega 64 has 16 GB. Memory type also differs: GDDR6X for NVIDIA versus HBM2 for AMD. The bus width is 384-bit for the RTX 4090 D and 2048-bit for the Radeon Pro Vega 64. Bandwidth favors the RTX 4090 D at 1.01 TB/s versus 402.4 GB/s.

Shading units: the RTX 4090 D has 14,592, while the Radeon Pro Vega 64 has 4,096. Texture mapping units are 456 versus 256. Raster output units are 176 versus 64. The RTX 4090 D has 114 ray tracing cores and 456 tensor cores; the Radeon Pro Vega 64 has neither.

Clock speeds differ substantially. The RTX 4090 D has a base clock of 2280 MHz and a boost clock of 2520 MHz. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 has a base clock of 1250 MHz and a boost clock of 1350 MHz. Memory clocks are 1313 MHz (21 Gbps effective) for NVIDIA and 786 MHz (1572 Mbps effective) for AMD.

Power and physical specifications: the RTX 4090 D has a TDP of 425 W, a triple-slot design, and requires a single 16-pin power connector with a suggested 800 W PSU. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 has a TDP of 250 W, is an IGP (integrated graphics processor) with no power connectors, and has no suggested PSU listed.

Bus interface: PCIe 4.0 x16 for the RTX 4090 D versus PCIe 3.0 x16 for the Radeon Pro Vega 64. Display outputs: the RTX 4090 D has 1x HDMI 2.1 and 3x DisplayPort 1.4a, while the Radeon Pro Vega 64's outputs are listed as "Portable Device Dependent."

Dimensions: the RTX 4090 D is 304 mm long, 137 mm high, and 61 mm wide. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 has no recorded dimensions.

Architecture Differences

The RTX 4090 D is built on NVIDIA's Ada Lovelace architecture using the AD102 chip. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 is built on AMD's GCN 5.0 architecture using the Vega 10 chip. These are fundamentally different designs from different generations.

The process node is a major differentiator. The RTX 4090 D uses a 5 nm process from TSMC, while the Radeon Pro Vega 64 uses a 14 nm process from GlobalFoundries. Transistor counts reflect this: 76,300 million for NVIDIA versus 12,500 million for AMD. The die size is 609 mm² for the RTX 4090 D and 495 mm² for the Radeon Pro Vega 64. Transistor density is 125.3 million per mm² for NVIDIA versus 25.3 million per mm² for AMD.

The RTX 4090 D includes dedicated ray tracing cores (114) and tensor cores (456), which the Radeon Pro Vega 64 lacks entirely. This is a structural difference in how each GPU handles specialized workloads. The RTX 4090 D also supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2) and Vulkan 1.4, while the Radeon Pro Vega 64 supports DirectX 12 (12_1) and Vulkan 1.3.

FP16 compute differs in ratio. The RTX 4090 D delivers FP16 at a 1:1 ratio with FP32, both at 73.54 TFLOPS. The Radeon Pro Vega 64 delivers FP16 at a 2:1 ratio, with 22.12 TFLOPS FP16 versus 11.06 TFLOPS FP32. The RTX 4090 D's FP16 output is still more than three times higher in absolute terms.

Release timing matters: the RTX 4090 D was released on 2023-12-27, while the Radeon Pro Vega 64 was released on 2017-06-26. Both are end-of-life. The RTX 4090 D has a predecessor in GeForce 30 and a successor in GeForce 50, while the Radeon Pro Vega 64 has no recorded predecessor or successor in the database.

Where Each One Wins

The RTX 4090 D wins in every head-to-head benchmark recorded. It wins Geekbench OpenCL by 291.9% and Geekbench Vulkan by 232.9%. It also has a 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score of 8,587, a test in which the Radeon Pro Vega 64 has no recorded result.

The RTX 4090 D is the clear choice for compute-heavy workloads using OpenCL or Vulkan. Its 98th percentile ranking and 178,050 average score place it among the top GPUs in the database. It also offers 24 GB of memory with 1.01 TB/s bandwidth, which may benefit large datasets or high-resolution textures.

The Radeon Pro Vega 64 has no wins in the head-to-head tests. However, it does have a Geekbench Metal score of 71,868, a benchmark where the RTX 4090 D has no recorded score. Users working specifically with Metal-based applications on compatible systems may find this relevant, though no direct comparison is possible.

The Radeon Pro Vega 64's form factor is unique: it is an IGP with no power connectors and a 250 W TDP. This makes it suitable for systems where a discrete card with external power is not an option. Its PCIe 3.0 x16 interface is older, but it may be the only choice for certain proprietary or portable configurations.

For users prioritizing raw performance, the RTX 4090 D wins outright. For users restricted to an integrated solution or to Metal-specific workloads, the Radeon Pro Vega 64 has niche utility, but the recorded data shows no scenario where it outperforms the RTX 4090 D in a shared benchmark.