AMD Radeon Pro 575 vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile Comparison

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile is in a completely different performance class than the AMD Radeon Pro 575. Benchmark data shows the RTX 4090 Mobile winning both shared tests by margins exceeding 350%, a gap so large it redefines the comparison as one between a modern flagship and a legacy part. The Radeon Pro 575, while still holding an 82nd percentile ranking among all GPUs, is limited by its older architecture and significantly lower compute resources.

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The only two benchmarks shared by both GPUs are Geekbench OpenCL and Geekbench Vulkan, and the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile dominates both. In Geekbench OpenCL, the RTX 4090 Mobile scores 180,831 against the Radeon Pro 575's 34,596, a delta of 422.7%. This is not a marginal win; it is a four-fold increase in raw compute throughput that reflects the massive difference in shading units and memory bandwidth.

In Geekbench Vulkan, the NVIDIA card scores 170,774 versus 37,878 for the AMD part, a 350.9% advantage. Vulkan is a low-level API that tends to expose architectural efficiency, and the data indicates the Ada Lovelace architecture extracts far more performance per clock than GCN 4.0. The RTX 4090 Mobile's score here is also close to its OpenCL result, suggesting consistent performance across different compute frameworks.

The overall average benchmark score further contextualizes the gap. The RTX 4090 Mobile averages 43,667 points across all its tested workloads, while the Radeon Pro 575 averages 39,555. That difference is only 10.4%, which seems small next to the Geekbench deltas. However, this is because the AMD card's average is buoyed by its Geekbench Metal score of 46,192, a test the NVIDIA card does not participate in. In every directly comparable test, the NVIDIA GPU wins outright.

The Radeon Pro 575's nearest rivals help frame its position. It sits within 1.9% of the AMD Radeon Pro 580 and within 1.3% of the AMD Radeon Pro WX 7100. It is effectively tied with the NVIDIA RTX A500 Mobile at a 0% delta. This tells us the Radeon Pro 575 is a mid-pack performer among its contemporaries, whereas the RTX 4090 Mobile's nearest rivals are the NVIDIA RTX A6000 (where it is 0.9% slower) and the NVIDIA Quadro M6000 (where it is 0.8% faster). The RTX 4090 Mobile is competing with professional workstation titans, not entry-level parts.

Architecture Differences

The two GPUs come from different eras and foundries. The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile uses the AD103 chip built on TSMC's 5 nm process, packing 45,900 million transistors into a 379 mm² die. The AMD Radeon Pro 575 uses the Ellesmere chip on GlobalFoundries' 14 nm process, with just 5,700 million transistors on a 232 mm² die. The transistor density difference is stark: 121.1 million per mm² for NVIDIA versus 24.6 million per mm² for AMD.

Architecturally, the RTX 4090 Mobile is based on Ada Lovelace, which includes dedicated ray tracing cores (76 of them) and tensor cores (304 of them). The Radeon Pro 575 is based on GCN 4.0, which has neither ray tracing cores nor tensor cores. This is a generational feature gap that goes beyond raw speed. The NVIDIA GPU supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), while the AMD GPU only supports DirectX 12 (12_0). Both support OpenGL 4.6, but NVIDIA also supports Vulkan 1.4 versus AMD's Vulkan 1.3.

The compute resources are similarly lopsided. The RTX 4090 Mobile has 9,728 shading units, 304 texture mapping units, and 112 ROPs. The Radeon Pro 575 has 2,048 shading units, 128 TMUs, and 32 ROPs. This translates to a peak FP32 throughput of 32.98 TFLOPS for NVIDIA versus 4.489 TFLOPS for AMD, a 7.3x difference. Pixel fill rate is 189.8 GPixel/s versus 35.07 GPixel/s, and texture fill rate is 515.3 GTexel/s versus 140.3 GTexel/s.

Memory configuration also diverges heavily. The RTX 4090 Mobile comes with 16 GB of GDDR6 on a 256-bit bus, delivering 576.0 GB/s of bandwidth. The Radeon Pro 575 has 4 GB of GDDR5 on a 256-bit bus, giving 217.0 GB/s. The NVIDIA card's memory clock is listed at 2250 MHz (18 Gbps effective), while AMD's is 1695 MHz (6.8 Gbps effective). Both use a 256-bit bus, but the newer memory technology and higher clocks give NVIDIA a massive bandwidth advantage.

FAQ

Q: Which GPU has higher raw compute performance?

A: The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile achieves 32.98 TFLOPS FP32, while the AMD Radeon Pro 575 achieves 4.489 TFLOPS FP32. This is a 7.3x difference in peak theoretical throughput.

Q: Does the Radeon Pro 575 have any ray tracing capabilities?

A: No. The Radeon Pro 575 is based on GCN 4.0 and has no ray tracing cores listed. The RTX 4090 Mobile includes 76 dedicated ray tracing cores.

Q: How much memory bandwidth does each GPU have?

A: The RTX 4090 Mobile has 576.0 GB/s from 16 GB of GDDR6. The Radeon Pro 575 has 217.0 GB/s from 4 GB of GDDR5.

Q: Which GPU is more power efficient?

A: The RTX 4090 Mobile has a TDP of 120 W, while the Radeon Pro 575 has a TDP of 150 W. Despite the lower power draw, the NVIDIA card delivers far higher performance.

Q: What is the production status of each GPU?

A: The RTX 4090 Mobile is listed as Active production. The Radeon Pro 575 is End-of-life.

Q: Are these GPUs comparable in any benchmark?

A: No. In the two shared benchmarks (Geekbench OpenCL and Vulkan), the RTX 4090 Mobile wins by 422.7% and 350.9% respectively. The Radeon Pro 575 has no benchmark where it beats the NVIDIA card.

Specification Differences

The two GPUs differ in nearly every measurable specification. The process node is 5 nm for NVIDIA versus 14 nm for AMD. Transistor count is 45,900 million versus 5,700 million. Die size is 379 mm² versus 232 mm². The RTX 4090 Mobile has a base clock of 1335 MHz and a boost clock of 1695 MHz, while the Radeon Pro 575 has no base or boost clock listed.

Memory size is 16 GB versus 4 GB, and memory type is GDDR6 versus GDDR5. Bandwidth is 576.0 GB/s versus 217.0 GB/s. Shading units number 9,728 versus 2,048. TMUs are 304 versus 128. ROPs are 112 versus 32. The RTX 4090 Mobile has 76 RT cores and 304 tensor cores; the Radeon Pro 575 has none of either.

Pixel rate is 189.8 GPixel/s versus 35.07 GPixel/s. Texture rate is 515.3 GTexel/s versus 140.3 GTexel/s. FP32 performance is 32.98 TFLOPS versus 4.489 TFLOPS. TDP is 120 W versus 150 W. Slot width is IGP for NVIDIA versus MXM Module for AMD. Bus interface is PCIe 4.0 x16 versus PCIe 3.0 x16.

DirectX support is 12 Ultimate (12_2) versus 12 (12_0). Vulkan support is 1.4 versus 1.3. The release date is January 2023 for NVIDIA versus June 2017 for AMD. The RTX 4090 Mobile has a predecessor (GeForce 30 Mobile) and a successor (GeForce 50 Mobile), while the Radeon Pro 575 has neither listed.

Where Each One Wins

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile wins in every directly comparable category. It wins on compute performance, memory bandwidth, shading units, texture units, ROPs, pixel fill rate, texture fill rate, API support, and process efficiency. It also wins on power efficiency, delivering more than 7x the FP32 throughput while consuming 30 W less power.

The AMD Radeon Pro 575 has one notable advantage: its Geekbench Metal score of 46,192. This is a benchmark the NVIDIA card does not have a result for, indicating the Radeon Pro 575 may have specific optimizations for Apple's Metal API. However, this does not translate to wins in cross-platform benchmarks.

The Radeon Pro 575's other advantage is its form factor. It uses an MXM Module slot, which may be relevant for certain upgrade paths in older laptops. The RTX 4090 Mobile is an IGP (integrated graphics processor), which means it is soldered to the motherboard. For users with an MXM-compatible system, the Radeon Pro 575 could be a drop-in replacement, whereas the RTX 4090 Mobile requires a specific laptop design.

In terms of benchmark percentiles, the RTX 4090 Mobile sits at the 84th percentile of all GPUs, while the Radeon Pro 575 sits at the 82nd. Despite the massive performance gap, both are above-average performers in the overall GPU landscape.

The Verdict

The verdict is unambiguous from the data: the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile is the superior GPU in every shared benchmark and nearly every specification. Its 422.7% lead in Geekbench OpenCL and 350.9% lead in Geekbench Vulkan are not close calls. The RTX 4090 Mobile's average benchmark score of 43,667 places it among professional workstation GPUs like the NVIDIA RTX A6000, while the Radeon Pro 575's 39,555 places it alongside the NVIDIA RTX A500 Mobile.

The Radeon Pro 575's only defense is its Metal performance and its MXM form factor. For users locked into a specific AMD-based Mac system, the Radeon Pro 575 may be the only option. But for anyone choosing between these two for a new system, the RTX 4090 Mobile wins on compute, memory, features, and efficiency.

The RTX 4090 Mobile's 16 GB of GDDR6 memory at 576.0 GB/s dwarfs the Radeon Pro 575's 4 GB of GDDR5 at 217.0 GB/s. The NVIDIA card's ray tracing cores and tensor cores provide future-proofing for workloads that the AMD card simply cannot handle. The 5 nm process versus 14 nm process explains the efficiency gap, with NVIDIA delivering 32.98 TFLOPS at 120 W while AMD delivers 4.489 TFLOPS at 150 W.

There is no scenario where the Radeon Pro 575 outperforms the RTX 4090 Mobile in a shared test. The RTX 4090 Mobile is the clear choice for high-end gaming, content creation, and compute workloads. The Radeon Pro 575 is a legacy part that, while still functional and above the 80th percentile, is outclassed by over a decade of architectural advancement. Choose the RTX 4090 Mobile unless hardware compatibility forces the AMD option.