AMD Instinct MI350X vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile Comparison

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The recorded data shows no direct head-to-head benchmark results between the AMD Instinct MI350X and the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile. The MI350X has no benchmark scores listed, while the RTX 4090 Mobile carries an average benchmark score of 43,667 across nine tests. That places the RTX 4090 Mobile in the 84th percentile of all GPUs in the database, a strong position for a mobile part. The MI350X sits at the 50th percentile, though this figure reflects the absence of measured performance data rather than a comparative deficit.

The RTX 4090 Mobile's benchmark profile shows its strongest showing in the Geekbench OpenCL test, where it scores 180,831. Its Vulkan result is close behind at 170,774, indicating consistent cross-API performance. In Passmark testing, the G3D score of 27,212 is the standout, with GPU compute at 12,347. The DirectX results are more modest: DirectX 9 scores 310, DirectX 11 scores 262, DirectX 10 scores 173, and DirectX 12 scores 107. The G2D score of 984 rounds out the suite.

The nearest rivals in the database for the RTX 4090 Mobile provide context for these numbers. The NVIDIA RTX A6000 posts an average score of 44,075, which is 0.9% higher than the RTX 4090 Mobile. The NVIDIA Quadro M6000 scores 43,301, putting it 0.8% lower. The Quadro M6000 24 GB scores 43,262, also 0.8% lower. The GeForce RTX 5050 Mobile scores 43,268, again 0.8% lower. The delta percentages are tight, with all four rivals within roughly one percent of the RTX 4090 Mobile's average. This suggests the mobile flagship slots into a dense cluster of high-end GPUs.

The MI350X has no nearest rivals listed and no benchmark entries, so the database cannot provide comparative scores. The absence of data means the head-to-head section is defined by what is measurable: the RTX 4090 Mobile has a full suite of results, the MI350X has none. The compute disparity is visible in raw specifications. The MI350X delivers 72.09 TFLOPS of FP32 and FP16 performance, while the RTX 4090 Mobile delivers 32.98 TFLOPS for both precisions. That is a 2.19x advantage for the AMD part on paper, but without benchmark scores, the practical impact cannot be quantified.

FAQ

Q: What is the average benchmark score for the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile?

A: The RTX 4090 Mobile has an average benchmark score of 43,667, with a percentile rank of 84 among all GPUs in the database.

Q: Does the AMD Instinct MI350X have any recorded benchmark results?

A: No, the MI350X has no benchmark entries in the database, and its average benchmark score is listed as 0 with a 50th percentile rank.

Q: How does the RTX 4090 Mobile compare to its nearest rivals in average score?

A: The RTX A6000 is 0.9% higher, the Quadro M6000 is 0.8% lower, the Quadro M6000 24 GB is 0.8% lower, and the RTX 5050 Mobile is 0.8% lower than the RTX 4090 Mobile's average score.

Q: What is the FP32 performance difference between the MI350X and the RTX 4090 Mobile?

A: The MI350X delivers 72.09 TFLOPS of FP32 performance, while the RTX 4090 Mobile delivers 32.98 TFLOPS, giving the AMD part a 2.19x advantage on paper.

Q: Which GPU has a higher texture rate?

A: The MI350X has a texture rate of 2,252.8 GTexel/s, compared to 515.3 GTexel/s for the RTX 4090 Mobile, a 4.37x difference.

Q: What is the pixel rate for each GPU?

A: The MI350X has a pixel rate of 0 MPixel/s, while the RTX 4090 Mobile has a pixel rate of 189.8 GPixel/s.

Architecture Differences

The two GPUs come from fundamentally different design philosophies. The AMD Instinct MI350X uses the CDNA 4.0 architecture built for compute accelerators, while the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile uses the Ada Lovelace architecture designed for graphics workstations and gaming laptops.

The process nodes differ significantly. The MI350X is built on a 3 nm process at TSMC, while the RTX 4090 Mobile uses a 5 nm process, also at TSMC. The transistor counts reflect the scale gap: the MI350X packs 185,000 million transistors on a die size of 2380 mm², giving a transistor density of 77.7M per mm². The RTX 4090 Mobile has 45,900 million transistors on a 379 mm² die, yielding a higher density of 121.1M per mm². The MI350X is a massive chip, roughly 6.3x the die area of the RTX 4090 Mobile.

Memory architecture is where the two diverge sharply. The MI350X uses 288 GB of HBM3e memory on an 8192-bit bus, delivering 8.19 TB/s of bandwidth. The RTX 4090 Mobile uses 16 GB of GDDR6 on a 256-bit bus, with 576.0 GB/s of bandwidth. The MI350X has a 14.2x bandwidth advantage and 18x the memory capacity. The RTX 4090 Mobile's memory clock runs at 2250 MHz with 18 Gbps effective, while the MI350X memory runs at 2000 MHz with 8 Gbps effective.

The compute units show a similar gap. The MI350X has 16,384 shading units, 1,024 TMUs, and 0 ROPs. The RTX 4090 Mobile has 9,728 shading units, 304 TMUs, and 112 ROPs. The MI350X also has no RT cores and no tensor cores listed, while the RTX 4090 Mobile has 76 RT cores and 304 tensor cores. This reflects their different roles: the MI350X is a pure compute accelerator with no graphics output, while the RTX 4090 Mobile is a full graphics processor with ray tracing and tensor hardware.

Clock speeds also differ. The MI350X has a base clock of 1000 MHz and a boost of 2200 MHz. The RTX 4090 Mobile has a base of 1335 MHz and a boost of 1695 MHz. The AMD part boosts higher but starts lower, while the NVIDIA part maintains a narrower clock range.

The API support is a clear dividing line. The MI350X lists DirectX, OpenGL, and Vulkan as N/A. The RTX 4090 Mobile supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. The MI350X has no display outputs, while the RTX 4090 Mobile's display outputs are described as portable device dependent.

The Verdict

The data points to two different products for two different jobs. The AMD Instinct MI350X is a compute accelerator with no graphics capabilities. It has no display outputs, no API support, and a pixel rate of 0 MPixel/s. Its strengths are raw compute throughput, enormous memory capacity, and immense bandwidth. The 288 GB of HBM3e and 8.19 TB/s bandwidth are designed for large-scale compute workloads, not rendering. The 1000 W TDP and OAM module form factor confirm its data center orientation.

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile is a graphics processor with a 120 W TDP and an IGP slot width. It has full DirectX 12 Ultimate support, 76 RT cores, and 304 tensor cores. Its benchmark results show solid performance across compute and graphics workloads, with an 84th percentile rank. The 16 GB of GDDR6 memory and 576.0 GB/s bandwidth serve graphics and gaming tasks well.

The MI350X would be the choice for workloads that need massive memory capacity and bandwidth, such as large model inference or high-throughput compute. The RTX 4090 Mobile is suited for portable graphics and gaming, where its RT and tensor cores and API support matter more than raw FP32 throughput. The MI350X's FP32 and FP16 figures are 2.19x higher than the RTX 4090 Mobile, but the RTX 4090 Mobile is the only one of the two with any recorded benchmark data.

The production status also differs. The RTX 4090 Mobile is listed as active, while the MI350X has no production status recorded. The release dates show the MI350X launching on 2025-06-11 and the RTX 4090 Mobile on 2023-01-02. The MI350X succeeds the Radeon Instinct, while the RTX 4090 Mobile succeeds the GeForce 30 Mobile and is followed by the GeForce 50 Mobile.

Specification Differences

The two GPUs differ in nearly every measurable category. The MI350X uses a 3 nm process, the RTX 4090 Mobile uses 5 nm. Transistor counts are 185,000 million versus 45,900 million. Die size is 2380 mm² versus 379 mm². Transistor density is 77.7M per mm² versus 121.1M per mm².

Clocks show the MI350X with a 1000 MHz base and 2200 MHz boost, while the RTX 4090 Mobile has a 1335 MHz base and 1695 MHz boost. Memory clocks are 2000 MHz with 8 Gbps effective for the MI350X, and 2250 MHz with 18 Gbps effective for the RTX 4090 Mobile.

Memory capacity is 288 GB of HBM3e versus 16 GB of GDDR6. Bus width is 8192 bit versus 256 bit. Bandwidth is 8.19 TB/s versus 576.0 GB/s.

Shading units are 16,384 versus 9,728. TMUs are 1,024 versus 304. ROPs are 0 versus 112. The RTX 4090 Mobile has 76 RT cores and 304 tensor cores, while the MI350X has none listed.

Pixel rate is 0 MPixel/s versus 189.8 GPixel/s. Texture rate is 2,252.8 GTexel/s versus 515.3 GTexel/s. FP32 is 72.09 TFLOPS versus 32.98 TFLOPS. FP16 is 72.09 TFLOPS versus 32.98 TFLOPS.

TDP is 1000 W versus 120 W. Slot width is OAM Module versus IGP. Power connectors are none for both. Suggested PSU is 1400 W for the MI350X, none listed for the RTX 4090 Mobile. Bus interface is PCIe 5.0 x16 versus PCIe 4.0 x16.

Display outputs are none versus portable device dependent. DirectX is N/A versus 12 Ultimate (12_2). OpenGL is N/A versus 4.6. Vulkan is N/A versus 1.4.

Dimensions for the MI350X are 102 mm length and 165 mm width. The RTX 4090 Mobile has no dimensions listed. The MI350X has no production status, while the RTX 4090 Mobile is active. The MI350X has no launch MSRP, and neither does the RTX 4090 Mobile.