AMD Instinct MI325X vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile Comparison

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The database contains no direct head-to-head benchmark results between the AMD Instinct MI325X and the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile. The Instinct MI325X has no recorded benchmark scores, an average benchmark score of 0, and sits at the 50th percentile among all GPUs. The RTX 4090 Mobile, by contrast, has nine recorded benchmark entries, an average score of 43667, and ranks at the 84th percentile.

For the RTX 4090 Mobile, the strongest recorded result is in Geekbench OpenCL with a score of 180831. Its Geekbench Vulkan result is 170774, which is about 5.9% lower than the OpenCL score. In Passmark testing, the GPU scores 27212 in G3D, 12347 in GPU Compute, 984 in G2D, 310 in DirectX 9, 262 in DirectX 11, 173 in DirectX 10, and 107 in DirectX 12.

The RTX 4090 Mobile's nearest rivals in the database are all desktop workstation cards. It leads the NVIDIA Quadro M6000 by 0.8%, the RTX 5050 Mobile by 0.9%, and the Quadro M6000 24 GB by 0.9%. It trails the RTX A6000 by 0.9%. These deltas are small, indicating that the mobile GPU's average score sits in a tightly packed cluster of professional and mobile offerings.

Because the Instinct MI325X has no benchmark entries, no exact percentage comparisons can be drawn between the two cards. The data shows a complete absence of measured performance for the AMD accelerator, while the NVIDIA part has a full suite of results. Any direct numeric comparison would require fabricated figures, so the analysis must rely on the architectural and specification differences recorded in the database.

Where Each One Wins

The RTX 4090 Mobile wins in every category where measured data exists. It has recorded scores across nine different tests, covering OpenCL, Vulkan, DirectX 9 through 12, 2D, 3D, and compute workloads. The Instinct MI325X has zero recorded benchmark scores, so it cannot claim a single measured win.

The RTX 4090 Mobile's benchmark profile shows particular strength in OpenCL and Vulkan workloads. Its OpenCL score of 180831 and Vulkan score of 170774 are the two highest recorded values. The Passmark 3D score of 27212 indicates solid rasterization performance, while the GPU Compute score of 12347 shows its compute capability in that specific test suite.

The Instinct MI325X, by specification, targets a different workload profile entirely. It has no display outputs, no DirectX support, no OpenGL support, and no Vulkan support. Its architecture is CDNA 3.0, which is designed for compute acceleration rather than graphics rendering. The card has no ROPs, a pixel rate of 0 MPixel/s, and no ray tracing cores. This means it cannot rasterize images or output video signals at all.

In terms of raw compute specifications, the Instinct MI325X shows much higher theoretical numbers. Its FP32 throughput is 81.72 TFLOPS, and its FP16 throughput is also 81.72 TFLOPS with a 1:1 ratio. The RTX 4090 Mobile's FP32 and FP16 are both 32.98 TFLOPS. The AMD card's texture rate is 2,553.6 GTexel/s versus 515.3 GTexel/s for NVIDIA. Memory bandwidth is 6.14 TB/s versus 576.0 GB/s. These specification advantages, however, are not backed by any measured benchmark data in the database.

FAQ

Q: Does the AMD Instinct MI325X have any recorded benchmark scores?

A: No. The database lists zero benchmarks for the Instinct MI325X, an average benchmark score of 0, and a percentile rank of 50 among all GPUs.

Q: What is the RTX 4090 Mobile's best recorded benchmark result?

A: Its Geekbench OpenCL score of 180831 is the highest recorded value. The Geekbench Vulkan score of 170774 is the second highest.

Q: How does the RTX 4090 Mobile compare to its nearest rivals?

A: It scores 0.8% higher than the Quadro M6000, 0.9% higher than the RTX 5050 Mobile, 0.9% higher than the Quadro M6000 24 GB, and 0.9% lower than the RTX A6000.

Q: Can the Instinct MI325X output video to a display?

A: No. The database lists "No outputs" for its display outputs, and its pixel rate is 0 MPixel/s with zero ROPs.

Q: What API support does the Instinct MI325X have?

A: The database lists N/A for DirectX, OpenGL, and Vulkan support. The RTX 4090 Mobile supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4.

Q: What is the memory bandwidth difference between the two cards?

A: The Instinct MI325X has 6.14 TB/s of bandwidth from 256 GB of HBM3e memory on an 8192-bit bus. The RTX 4090 Mobile has 576.0 GB/s from 16 GB of GDDR6 on a 256-bit bus.

Specification Differences

The two cards differ in nearly every measurable specification. The Instinct MI325X uses an AMD chip called Aqua Vanjaram with a CDNA 3.0 architecture, while the RTX 4090 Mobile uses NVIDIA's AD103 chip with Ada Lovelace architecture.

Clock speeds differ significantly. The Instinct MI325X has a base clock of 1000 MHz and a boost clock of 2100 MHz. The RTX 4090 Mobile has a base clock of 1335 MHz and a boost clock of 1695 MHz. The AMD card's higher boost clock does not translate into higher measured performance, as no benchmark data exists for it.

Memory configurations are vastly different. The Instinct MI325X has 256 GB of HBM3e with an 8192-bit bus and 6.14 TB/s bandwidth. The RTX 4090 Mobile has 16 GB of GDDR6 with a 256-bit bus and 576.0 GB/s bandwidth. Memory clock is listed as 1500 MHz with 6 Gbps effective for AMD, versus 2250 MHz with 18 Gbps effective for NVIDIA.

Compute unit counts show the AMD card's larger scale. The Instinct MI325X has 19,456 shading units, 1,216 TMUs, and zero ROPs. The RTX 4090 Mobile has 9,728 shading units, 304 TMUs, and 112 ROPs. The NVIDIA card also has 76 ray tracing cores and 304 tensor cores, while the AMD card lists no RT or tensor cores.

Power and physical specifications differ dramatically. The Instinct MI325X has a TDP of 1000 W and requires a 1400 W suggested PSU. It uses an OAM module slot width and has no power connectors. The RTX 4090 Mobile has a TDP of 120 W, uses an IGP slot width, and also has no power connectors. The AMD card uses a PCIe 5.0 x16 interface, while the NVIDIA card uses PCIe 4.0 x16.

Transistor counts and die sizes are also divergent. The Instinct MI325X has 153,000 million transistors on a 1017 mm² die, yielding a density of 150.4M per mm². The RTX 4090 Mobile has 45,900 million transistors on a 379 mm² die, with a density of 121.1M per mm². Both are manufactured on TSMC's 5 nm process.

Release dates show the AMD card came later. The Instinct MI325X was released on October 9, 2024. The RTX 4090 Mobile was released on January 2, 2023. The NVIDIA card has a production status of "Active" and a successor listed as GeForce 50 Mobile, while the AMD card has no production status and no successor.

Architecture Differences

The fundamental architectural split is between AMD's CDNA 3.0 compute-focused design and NVIDIA's Ada Lovelace graphics-and-compute hybrid. CDNA 3.0 is built for data center acceleration, with no graphics pipeline at all. This is confirmed by the absence of ROPs, the 0 MPixel/s pixel rate, and the N/A entries for DirectX, OpenGL, and Vulkan. The Instinct MI325X is a pure compute accelerator.

Ada Lovelace, by contrast, is a full graphics architecture. The RTX 4090 Mobile supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. It has 76 ray tracing cores and 304 tensor cores, enabling hardware-accelerated ray tracing and AI workloads. Its 112 ROPs and 189.8 GPixel/s pixel rate allow actual rasterization and display output, though the database notes its display outputs are "Portable Device Dependent."

The AMD card's memory architecture uses HBM3e stacked memory with an 8192-bit interface. This extremely wide bus enables the 6.14 TB/s bandwidth figure. The NVIDIA card uses GDDR6 on a 256-bit bus, a more conventional design for mobile graphics. The AMD card's 256 GB capacity is geared toward large model inference and training workloads, while the NVIDIA card's 16 GB targets gaming and professional graphics in laptops.

The transistor density figures reflect different design priorities. The AMD die has 150.4M transistors per mm² across a massive 1017 mm² die. The NVIDIA die has 121.1M per mm² on a 379 mm² die. The AMD card's lower density per area despite the same 5 nm process suggests a design with large memory controllers and compute arrays, while the NVIDIA chip packs more specialized logic into a smaller area.

The power envelope difference is stark. The Instinct MI325X draws 1000 W and needs a 1400 W suggested PSU. The RTX 4090 Mobile draws 120 W and fits in an IGP form factor. This places the AMD card firmly in server racks with dedicated power delivery, while the NVIDIA card operates within laptop thermal and power constraints.

The bus interface also differs: PCIe 5.0 x16 for AMD versus PCIe 4.0 x16 for NVIDIA. This affects host-to-device transfer rates, though no benchmark data exists to quantify the impact.

The Verdict

The recorded data supports only one conclusion: the RTX 4090 Mobile is the only one of the two with any measured performance, and it ranks at the 84th percentile among all GPUs. Its average benchmark score of 43667 places it among capable workstation cards, with nearest rivals all within 0.9% of its score. The Instinct MI325X has no benchmark entries, an average score of 0, and sits at the 50th percentile by default.

For any workload that requires graphics output, display support, or standard API compatibility, the RTX 4090 Mobile is the only viable choice. Its DirectX 12 Ultimate, OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4 support, combined with 112 ROPs and 189.8 GPixel/s pixel rate, make it a functional graphics card. The Instinct MI325X cannot output video, has no graphics APIs, and has zero pixel throughput.

For compute-heavy data center workloads, the Instinct MI325X offers far larger specifications on paper. Its 256 GB of HBM3e memory, 8192-bit bus, 6.14 TB/s bandwidth, and 81.72 TFLOPS FP32 throughput are all orders of magnitude beyond the RTX 4090 Mobile's 16 GB, 256-bit bus, 576 GB/s, and 32.98 TFLOPS. But these specifications have no measured confirmation in the database.

The RTX 4090 Mobile's benchmark scores show a balanced profile across API types. Its OpenCL score of 180831 and Vulkan score of 170774 indicate strong general compute and graphics throughput. Its Passmark DirectX scores are lower, ranging from 107 to 310, but these are synthetic legacy tests. The G3D score of 27212 and GPU Compute score of 12347 provide additional reference points.

The choice depends entirely on the use case. A buyer needing a mobile graphics solution for gaming, content creation, or workstation tasks should select the RTX 4090 Mobile, as it has verified performance data and full graphics feature support. A buyer needing a high-capacity compute accelerator for server deployment might consider the Instinct MI325X based on its specifications, but must accept that the database contains no performance validation for it. The RTX 4090 Mobile's 84th percentile ranking and complete benchmark suite give it the only evidence-based claim to performance in this comparison.