NVIDIA GeForce GTX 650 vs NVIDIA RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation Comparison

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The comparison between the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 650 and the NVIDIA RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation is not a conventional head-to-head. The FACT PACK provides no overlapping benchmark tests between the two products. The GTX 650 has results in three tests — Geekbench Metal (2400), Geekbench OpenCL (4545), and Geekbench Vulkan (4524) — while the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation has a single result in 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 (3596). There are zero shared benchmarks, so a direct per-test comparison is impossible. The data instead offers separate average benchmark scores: the GTX 650 averages 3823 across its three tests, while the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation averages 3596 from its single test. These averages are not directly comparable because they come from different test suites. The GTX 650’s average sits 5.9% above the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation’s average, but that gap is an artifact of different workloads, not a measure of relative performance.

The percentile rankings tell a more curious story. The GTX 650 lands at the 22nd percentile among all GPUs, while the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation sits at the 21st percentile. Despite the massive architectural gulf between them, both products occupy nearly the same position in the overall performance distribution. This is a striking outcome. The GTX 650 is a desktop card from 2013 with 384 shading units and 80 GB/s of memory bandwidth. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation is a mobile workstation chip from 2023 with 9,728 shading units, 76 RT cores, 304 tensor cores, and 576 GB/s of bandwidth. Yet in the benchmark database’s percentile ranking, the modern part is effectively one percentile point lower. The explanation lies in the benchmark selection: the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation’s single 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score is a demanding modern workload, while the GTX 650’s Geekbench scores come from legacy compute tests. The data suggests the GTX 650 excels at older compute patterns, while the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation’s strengths are not captured by the limited test set.

Looking at each product’s nearest rivals clarifies the picture. The GTX 650’s closest competitor is the NVIDIA GeForce MX110, which scores 3834 with a delta of -0.3% — essentially a tie. The Intel UHD Graphics 710 scores 3792, placing it 0.8% below the GTX 650. The AMD Radeon R5 Graphics scores 3883, putting it 1.5% above. The NVIDIA Quadro 2000 scores 3898, 1.9% higher. These deltas are all within 2%, indicating that the GTX 650’s average benchmark score is tightly clustered among low-end legacy parts. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation’s nearest rivals are similarly tight. The NVIDIA GeForce GT 545 scores 3594, just 0.1% below. The NVIDIA GeForce GT 735M scores 3616, 0.6% above. The NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 scores 3629, 0.9% above. The AMD Radeon HD 6770 scores 3649, 1.5% above. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation sits in a cluster of older mid-range desktop and mobile GPUs, all within 1.5% of its score.

Where Each One Wins

The GTX 650 wins decisively in compute-oriented legacy benchmarks. Its Geekbench OpenCL score of 4545 is the highest of its three results, and its Geekbench Vulkan score of 4524 is nearly identical. These scores indicate that the Kepler architecture handles OpenCL and Vulkan compute workloads with similar efficiency. The GTX 650’s Geekbench Metal score of 2400 is substantially lower, reflecting the fact that Metal is not a native API for this 2013-era card. For users running OpenCL or Vulkan compute tasks from that era, the GTX 650 delivers consistent performance across both APIs.

The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation wins in modern DirectX 12 workloads, which is where its 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score of 3596 comes from. This test is specifically designed for DX12 Ultimate features, and the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2). The GTX 650, by contrast, supports only DirectX 12 (11_0), meaning it cannot run the same feature set. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation also brings hardware ray tracing with 76 RT cores and 304 tensor cores, none of which the GTX 650 has. For any workload that uses ray tracing, tensor operations, or DX12 Ultimate features, the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation is the only viable option between the two.

The use-case split is stark. The GTX 650 is relevant for legacy compute benchmarks and older API workloads. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation is relevant for modern gaming, ray tracing, and AI-adjacent workloads. The data shows no overlap in their benchmark portfolios, which reinforces that these are products from different eras with different intended applications. The GTX 650’s 22nd percentile ranking suggests it remains functional for basic tasks but is far from competitive. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation’s 21st percentile ranking is surprising given its specifications, but the single benchmark result limits the interpretation. The data cannot tell us how the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation would perform in Geekbench tests, nor how the GTX 650 would fare in 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12.

Architecture Differences

The architectural gap between these two GPUs is enormous. The GTX 650 uses the GK106 chip on NVIDIA’s Kepler architecture, built on a 28 nm process at TSMC. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation uses the AD103 chip on the Ada Lovelace architecture, built on a 5 nm process, also at TSMC. The process node difference — 28 nm versus 5 nm — represents multiple generations of manufacturing advancement. The transistor counts reflect this: the GTX 650 packs 2,540 million transistors on a 221 mm² die, for a density of 11.5 million transistors per mm². The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation contains 45,900 million transistors on a 379 mm² die, for a density of 121.1 million transistors per mm². The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation has over 18 times the transistor count and over 10 times the transistor density.

The compute resources are similarly lopsided. The GTX 650 has 384 shading units, 32 texture mapping units, and 16 ROPs. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation has 9,728 shading units, 304 TMUs, and 112 ROPs. That is roughly 25 times more shading units, 9.5 times more TMUs, and 7 times more ROPs. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation also adds 76 RT cores and 304 tensor cores, which have no equivalent in the GTX 650. The pixel rate tells the story: the GTX 650 achieves 8.464 GPixel/s, while the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation reaches 236.9 GPixel/s — a 28-fold difference. The texture rate is 33.86 GTexel/s versus 643.0 GTexel/s, a 19-fold difference. FP32 compute is 812.5 GFLOPS versus 41.15 TFLOPS, a 50-fold difference. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation also has FP16 performance of 41.15 TFLOPS (1:1), while the GTX 650 has no listed FP16 capability.

Memory architecture differs fundamentally. The GTX 650 has 1024 MB of GDDR5 on a 128-bit bus, delivering 80.00 GB/s of bandwidth. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation has 16 GB of GDDR6 on a 256-bit bus, delivering 576.0 GB/s. That is 16 times more capacity and 7.2 times more bandwidth. The memory clocks reflect the generational jump: the GTX 650 runs at 1250 MHz (5 Gbps effective), while the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation runs at 2250 MHz (18 Gbps effective). The bus interface also advances from PCIe 3.0 x16 to PCIe 4.0 x16.

The API support shows the modern part’s advantage. The GTX 650 supports DirectX 12 (11_0), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.2.175. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. The DirectX 12 Ultimate feature level is a major step up, enabling hardware ray tracing and mesh shaders. Power delivery differs as well: the GTX 650 has a 65 W TDP, requires a single 6-pin power connector, and suggests a 250 W power supply. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation has a 120 W TDP, uses no power connectors (it is an IGP for mobile), and has no suggested PSU because it is not a desktop card. The GTX 650 is a single-slot 147 mm card with DVI and DisplayPort 1.2 outputs. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation is an integrated GPU with portable device dependent display outputs.

FAQ

Q: Which GPU has a higher average benchmark score?

A: The NVIDIA GeForce GTX 650 has an average benchmark score of 3823, while the NVIDIA RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation has an average of 3596. The GTX 650’s average is 5.9% higher, but the scores come from different test suites and are not directly comparable.

Q: How do their percentile rankings compare?

A: The GTX 650 sits at the 22nd percentile among all GPUs, while the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation sits at the 21st percentile. Despite the vast architectural differences, both products rank nearly identically in the overall performance distribution.

Q: What are the closest rivals to each GPU?

A: The GTX 650’s closest rival is the NVIDIA GeForce MX110 with an average score of 3834, a delta of -0.3%. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation’s closest rival is the NVIDIA GeForce GT 545 with an average score of 3594, a delta of 0.1%.

Q: Does the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation support ray tracing?

A: Yes. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation has 76 RT cores and 304 tensor cores, and supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2). The GTX 650 has no RT cores or tensor cores and supports only DirectX 12 (11_0).

Q: What is the memory capacity difference?

A: The GTX 650 has 1024 MB of GDDR5 on a 128-bit bus, while the RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation has 16 GB of GDDR6 on a 256-bit bus. The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation provides 576.0 GB/s of bandwidth versus 80.00 GB/s for the GTX 650.

Q: Which GPU is still in production?

A: The RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation is marked as Active in production status with a release date of March 20, 2023. The GTX 650 is End-of-life, released on November 26, 2013.

Specification Differences

| Specification | NVIDIA GeForce GTX 650 | NVIDIA RTX 5000 Mobile Ada Generation |

|---|---|---|

| Architecture | Kepler | Ada Lovelace |

| Chip | GK106 | AD103 |

| Process node | 28 nm | 5 nm |

| Transistors | 2,540 million | 45,900 million |

| Die size | 221 mm² | 379 mm² |

| Transistor density | 11.5M / mm² | 121.1M / mm² |

| Base clock | Not listed | 1425 MHz |

| Boost clock | Not listed | 2115 MHz |

| Memory clock | 1250 MHz (5 Gbps effective) | 2250 MHz (18 Gbps effective) |

| Memory size | 1024 MB | 16 GB |

| Memory type | GDDR5 | GDDR6 |

| Memory bus | 128 bit | 256 bit |

| Memory bandwidth | 80.00 GB/s | 576.0 GB/s |

| Shading units | 384 | 9728 |

| TMUs | 32 | 304 |

| ROPs | 16 | 112 |

| RT cores | None | 76 |

| Tensor cores | None | 304 |

| Pixel rate | 8.464 GPixel/s | 236.9 GPixel/s |

| Texture rate | 33.86 GTexel/s | 643.0 GTexel/s |

| FP32 performance | 812.5 GFLOPS | 41.15 TFLOPS |

| FP16 performance | Not listed | 41.15 TFLOPS (1:1) |

| TDP | 65 W | 120 W |

| Slot width | Single-slot | IGP |

| Power connectors | 1x 6-pin | None |

| Suggested PSU | 250 W | Not listed |

| Bus interface | PCIe 3.0 x16 | PCIe 4.0 x16 |

| Display outputs | 1x DVI, 2x DisplayPort 1.2 | Portable Device Dependent |

| DirectX support | 12 (11_0) | 12 Ultimate (12_2) |

| Vulkan support | 1.2.175 | 1.4 |

| Production status | End-of-life | Active |

| Release date | November 26, 2013 | March 20, 2023 |

| Predecessor | GeForce 500 | Ampere-MW |

| Successor | GeForce 700 | Blackwell-MW |