AMD Instinct MI300 vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4010 Comparison

The AMD Instinct MI300 and NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4010 are fundamentally different products aimed at opposite ends of the computing spectrum. The MI300 is a massive data center accelerator built on a 5 nm process, while the RTX 4010 is a low-power desktop graphics card. The recorded data shows that the MI300 delivers a staggering 47.87 TFLOPS of FP32 performance, which is roughly 17.7 times higher than the RTX 4010's 2.706 TFLOPS. The RTX 4010, however, has a benchmark score of 2893 in 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12, placing it at the 18th percentile of all GPUs, while the MI300 has no recorded benchmark scores. The MI300 draws 600 W and requires a 1000 W power supply, compared to the RTX 4010's 50 W TDP and 250 W suggested PSU. These products share little beyond their PCIe interfaces, making the comparison one of specialized compute versus general-purpose rendering.

FAQ

Q: Which GPU has a higher FP32 compute performance?

A: The AMD Instinct MI300 delivers 47.87 TFLOPS, which is about 17.7 times the 2.706 TFLOPS of the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4010.

Q: What is the memory capacity and type for each card?

A: The MI300 has 128 GB of HBM3 memory with a 5.32 TB/s bandwidth, while the RTX 4010 has 4 GB of GDDR6 memory with a 96.00 GB/s bandwidth.

Q: How do the two cards compare in terms of power requirements?

A: The MI300 has a 600 W TDP and a suggested PSU of 1000 W, whereas the RTX 4010 has a 50 W TDP and a suggested PSU of 250 W.

Q: What is the manufacturing process for each chip?

A: The MI300 uses a 5 nm process at TSMC, while the RTX 4010 uses an 8 nm process at Samsung.

Q: Does the RTX 4010 have any benchmark results in the database?

A: Yes, the RTX 4010 has a score of 2893 in 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12, placing it at the 18th percentile of all GPUs.

Q: What display outputs does each card provide?

A: The RTX 4010 has 4x mini-DisplayPort 1.4a outputs, while the MI300 has no display outputs.

Architecture Differences

The AMD Instinct MI300 is built on the CDNA 3.0 architecture, fabricated on a 5 nm process at TSMC. It uses the Aqua Vanjaram chip, which contains 153,000 million transistors on a die size of 1017 mm², resulting in a transistor density of 150.4M per mm². The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4010 is built on the Ampere architecture and fabricated on an 8 nm process at Samsung. Its GA107 chip contains 8,700 million transistors on a 200 mm² die, giving a density of 43.5M per mm². The MI300 has 14,080 shading units, 880 texture mapping units, and no ROPs, while the RTX 4010 has 768 shading units, 24 TMUs, and 16 ROPs. The MI300 does not list RT cores or tensor cores in the database, whereas the RTX 4010 includes 6 RT cores and 24 tensor cores. The MI300's texture rate is 1,496.0 GTexel/s, and its pixel rate is listed as 0 MPixel/s, while the RTX 4010 achieves 42.29 GTexel/s and 28.19 GPixel/s. The MI300 supports PCIe 5.0 x16, while the RTX 4010 uses PCIe 4.0 x8. The MI300 has no display outputs and no DirectX, OpenGL, or Vulkan API support, while the RTX 4010 supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4.

The MI300's memory subsystem is vastly larger, with 128 GB of HBM3 across an 8192-bit bus, delivering 5.32 TB/s. The RTX 4010 uses 4 GB of GDDR6 on a 64-bit bus, yielding 96.00 GB/s. The MI300's base clock is 1000 MHz with a boost of 1700 MHz, while the RTX 4010 has a higher base of 1417 MHz and a boost of 1762 MHz. The MI300's memory clock is listed as 1300 MHz with 5.2 Gbps effective, and the RTX 4010's memory runs at 1500 MHz with 12 Gbps effective. The MI300 is a dual-slot-sized card at 267 mm in length, while the RTX 4010 is a single-slot card at 163 mm. The MI300 uses 2x 8-pin power connectors, while the RTX 4010 requires no external power connectors.

Where Each One Wins

The AMD Instinct MI300 dominates in raw compute throughput and memory capacity. Its 47.87 TFLOPS FP32 performance and 5.32 TB/s memory bandwidth make it suited for large-scale data processing, high-performance computing, and workloads that require massive data sets. The 128 GB of HBM3 memory is a clear advantage for scenarios that need to hold large models or arrays in fast memory. The MI300 also has a far higher texture rate at 1,496.0 GTexel/s, and its transistor count of 153,000 million dwarfs the RTX 4010's 8,700 million. The MI300 is a PCIe 5.0 x16 device, offering double the interface bandwidth of the RTX 4010's PCIe 4.0 x8.

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4010 wins in rendering and general desktop use. It is the only one of the two with display outputs, providing 4x mini-DisplayPort 1.4a, and it supports DirectX 12 Ultimate, OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4. Its 16 ROPs enable a pixel rate of 28.19 GPixel/s, while the MI300 has no ROPs and no pixel output. The RTX 4010 also has 6 RT cores and 24 tensor cores, features absent from the MI300's data, making it suitable for ray tracing and AI-accelerated graphics. The RTX 4010 has a benchmark score of 2893 in 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12, while the MI300 has no recorded benchmarks. The RTX 4010's 50 W TDP and lack of power connectors make it operable in low-power systems, and its 4 GB GDDR6 memory is adequate for entry-level graphics tasks.

Specification Differences

| Specification | AMD Instinct MI300 | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4010 |

| --- | --- | --- |

| Architecture | CDNA 3.0 | Ampere |

| Process Node | 5 nm | 8 nm |

| Foundry | TSMC | Samsung |

| Transistors | 153,000 million | 8,700 million |

| Die Size | 1017 mm² | 200 mm² |

| Transistor Density | 150.4M / mm² | 43.5M / mm² |

| Base Clock | 1000 MHz | 1417 MHz |

| Boost Clock | 1700 MHz | 1762 MHz |

| Memory Clock | 1300 MHz 5.2 Gbps effective | 1500 MHz 12 Gbps effective |

| Memory Size | 128 GB | 4 GB |

| Memory Type | HBM3 | GDDR6 |

| Memory Bus Width | 8192 bit | 64 bit |

| Memory Bandwidth | 5.32 TB/s | 96.00 GB/s |

| Shading Units | 14080 | 768 |

| TMUs | 880 | 24 |

| ROPs | 0 | 16 |

| RT Cores | Not listed | 6 |

| Tensor Cores | Not listed | 24 |

| Pixel Rate | 0 MPixel/s | 28.19 GPixel/s |

| Texture Rate | 1,496.0 GTexel/s | 42.29 GTexel/s |

| FP32 | 47.87 TFLOPS | 2.706 TFLOPS |

| FP16 | 47.87 TFLOPS (1:1) | 2.706 TFLOPS (1:1) |

| TDP | 600 W | 50 W |

| Power Connectors | 2x 8-pin | None |

| Suggested PSU | 1000 W | 250 W |

| Bus Interface | PCIe 5.0 x16 | PCIe 4.0 x8 |

| Display Outputs | No outputs | 4x mini-DisplayPort 1.4a |

| DirectX | N/A | 12 Ultimate (12_2) |

| OpenGL | N/A | 4.6 |

| Vulkan | N/A | 1.4 |

| Length | 267 mm 10.5 inches | 163 mm 6.4 inches |

| Height | 111 mm 4.4 inches | 69 mm 2.7 inches |

| Slot Width | Not listed | Single-slot |

| Release Date | 2023-01-03 | 2024-04-15 |

| Production Status | Not listed | Active |

| Predecessor | Radeon Instinct | GeForce 30 |

| Successor | Not listed | GeForce 50 |

Head-to-Head Benchmarks

The database contains no direct head-to-head benchmark results between the AMD Instinct MI300 and the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4010. The MI300 has no benchmark entries, while the RTX 4010 has a single score of 2893 in the 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 test. That score places the RTX 4010 at the 18th percentile of all GPUs, meaning a majority of recorded graphics cards outperform it in this DX12 rendering workload. The RTX 4010's nearest rivals in the database are close competitors: the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti 16 GB scores 2907, which is 0.5% higher, the NVIDIA RTX PRO 4000 Blackwell SFF scores 2910, 0.6% higher, and the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti 8 GB scores 2913, 0.7% higher. The NVIDIA Quadro P600 scores 2923, which is 1% higher than the RTX 4010. These small deltas indicate the RTX 4010 sits within a narrow performance band among its peers in this specific test.

For compute performance, the FP32 figures provide the clearest comparison. The MI300's 47.87 TFLOPS is approximately 17.7 times the RTX 4010's 2.706 TFLOPS. The texture rates follow a similar pattern, with the MI300 at 1,496.0 GTexel/s versus 42.29 GTexel/s for the RTX 4010. Memory bandwidth shows the largest gap, as the MI300's 5.32 TB/s is over 55 times the RTX 4010's 96.00 GB/s. The MI300 also has 14,080 shading units versus 768, and 880 TMUs versus 24. The RTX 4010 counters with 16 ROPs against the MI300's 0, enabling a pixel rate of 28.19 GPixel/s where the MI300 delivers 0 MPixel/s. The RTX 4010's boost clock of 1762 MHz is slightly higher than the MI300's 1700 MHz, and its base clock of 1417 MHz exceeds the MI300's 1000 MHz, but these clock advantages do not translate into overall compute superiority given the massive difference in core counts.

The Verdict

The data indicates that the AMD Instinct MI300 is designed for compute-intensive environments where massive memory, bandwidth, and FP32 throughput are essential. Its 128 GB HBM3 memory, 5.32 TB/s bandwidth, and 47.87 TFLOPS of FP32 performance place it in a category that the RTX 4010 cannot approach. The MI300's lack of display outputs, ROPs, and graphics API support confirms that it is not intended for rendering or desktop use. Users operating in high-performance computing, large-scale simulation, or data center workloads would align with the MI300's specifications.

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4010 is the appropriate choice for standard graphics applications. It provides 4x mini-DisplayPort 1.4a outputs, supports DirectX 12 Ultimate, OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4, and includes 6 RT cores and 24 tensor cores for ray tracing and AI features. Its 50 W TDP and lack of power connectors allow installation in low-power systems, and its 163 mm length fits compact cases. The RTX 4010's 3DMark Steel Nomad score of 2893, though at the 18th percentile, confirms it functions as an entry-level rendering card, while the MI300 has no such validation. The RTX 4010 also has an active production status and a successor in the GeForce 50 series, whereas the MI300's production status is not listed and it has no successor. For rendering, desktop output, and API compatibility, the RTX 4010 is the only viable option between the two. For raw compute and memory scale, the MI300 is the clear choice.