Overpower

The Intel Core i5-12600KF paired with the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 produces a spread of frame rates in Overpower that clearly illustrates where the bottleneck sits. At 1080p Low, the combo delivers 105.7 FPS, but moving to 1440p Low drops that to 94.4 FPS, a reduction of roughly 11%. The climb to 4K Low yields 81 FPS, which is another 14% step down. This pattern—where even at the lowest settings the frame rate falls steadily as resolution rises—points directly at the GPU as the limiting component. The GTX 1070 is doing the heavy lifting, and the CPU has enough headroom to keep feeding it frames. However, the scaling is not perfectly linear, which suggests that at 1080p Low the system is partially CPU-bound, but by the time you reach 4K Low the GPU is clearly the wall.

Resolution Scaling

The measured data shows a consistent decline in average FPS as resolution increases across all settings. At Low settings, the drop from 1080p to 1440p is 11.3 FPS, and from 1440p to 4K it is another 13.4 FPS. This is a classic sign of a GPU-limited scenario, as the pixel count increases and the GTX 1070’s fill rate and memory bandwidth become the deciding factors. At Ultra settings, the same trend holds: 53.7 FPS at 1080p, 48.2 FPS at 1440p, and 37.4 FPS at 4K. The gap between 1440p and 4K Ultra is particularly telling—a 10.8 FPS drop—because the GPU is saturated with both high resolution and high graphical complexity. The fact that Low settings at 4K still achieve 81 FPS while Ultra at 4K only manages 37.4 FPS shows that the GPU has the raw throughput to handle the resolution, but the additional shading and texture work at Ultra overwhelms it. The data suggests that for a locked 60 FPS experience, 1080p High is borderline at 59.5 FPS, while 1440p Medium is close at 56.8 FPS, but neither is guaranteed.

How This Combo Ranks

In the grand scheme of tested hardware combinations, this pairing lands at rank 1474 out of 1744 combos for Overpower. That places it in the lower 15% of all systems tested, which is a sobering statistic. The percentile for the GPU alone is 51, meaning the GTX 1070 sits near the median of all GPUs. The CPU, however, is much stronger, with a percentile of 84 against all CPUs. This mismatch is the core story: a high-ranking processor paired with a mid-tier graphics card results in a system that is heavily restrained by its graphics output. The combo rank is not a simple average of these two percentiles; it reflects the game’s actual workload, which is predominantly GPU-bound. In practical terms, this means that while the CPU can handle the game’s logic and physics calculations with ease, the visual rendering at higher resolutions and settings is what drags the overall ranking down. The system is not a top performer, but it is also not at the very bottom, indicating that it can still deliver playable frame rates at lower settings.

GPU Role

The NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 is built on the Pascal architecture on a 16 nm process, with a die size of 314 mm². It carries 8 GB of GDDR5 memory on a 256-bit bus, yielding a bandwidth of 256.3 GB/s. The memory clock runs at 2002 MHz with 8 Gbps effective speed. The base clock is 1506 MHz, boosting to 1683 MHz. In Overpower, these specifications translate to a GPU that can push 105.7 FPS at 1080p Low, but that number falls to 53.7 FPS at 1080p Ultra. The memory capacity is not the issue at 1080p, but at 4K the 8 GB frame buffer may become a constraint, especially with Ultra textures. The GPU’s FP32 performance is 6.463 TFLOPS, and its pixel rate is 107.7 GPixel/s, which explains why it can handle 4K Low at 81 FPS but struggles with 4K Ultra at 37.4 FPS. The benchmark scores support this: a Passmark G3D score of 13498 and a 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score of 1082. The GPU’s nearest rival, the NVIDIA Quadro K4200, has an average score of 12241, which is 0.7% lower, showing that the GTX 1070 is at the edge of its performance class. The data indicates that the GPU’s clock speed and memory bandwidth are sufficient for 1080p gaming, but for 4K, the user must compromise heavily on settings to maintain playable frame rates.

FAQ

Q: What is the average FPS at 1080p Ultra settings?

A: The system achieves an average of 53.7 FPS at 1920x1080 with Ultra settings, which is below the 60 FPS mark.

Q: How does the combo rank compare to other tested systems?

A: It ranks 1474 out of 1744 total combos, placing it in the lower tier of tested hardware for Overpower.

Q: Is the CPU or GPU the limiting factor in this game?

A: The data shows the GPU is the limiting factor. At 1080p Low, the frame rate is 105.7 FPS, but at 4K Low it drops to 81 FPS, indicating the GPU struggles with resolution scaling.

Q: What is the best settings and resolution combination for a smooth experience?

A: For a near-60 FPS experience, 1080p High delivers 59.5 FPS, while 1440p Medium delivers 56.8 FPS. Both are viable, but neither locks at 60.

Q: What is the GPU's benchmark percentile compared to all GPUs?

A: The GTX 1070 has a percentile of 51, meaning it performs better than about half of all GPUs tested.

Q: How much memory does the GPU have, and what type is it?

A: The GPU has 8 GB of GDDR5 memory on a 256-bit bus, with a bandwidth of 256.3 GB/s.

Measured FPS Breakdown

At 1920x1080, the average FPS ranges from 105.7 at Low to 53.7 at Ultra. The Medium setting yields 63.7 FPS, and High yields 59.5 FPS. The step from Low to Medium is a significant 42 FPS drop, showing how much the graphical effects tax the GPU. Moving to 2560x1440, the numbers are 94.4 FPS at Low, 56.8 FPS at Medium, 54.3 FPS at High, and 48.2 FPS at Ultra. The drop from Low to Medium here is 37.6 FPS, which is slightly less severe than at 1080p, but still substantial. At 3840x2160, the averages are 81 FPS at Low, 52.4 FPS at Medium, 45.5 FPS at High, and 37.4 FPS at Ultra. The gap between Low and Medium at 4K is 28.6 FPS, highlighting that the GPU’s compute units are the limiting factor. Across all resolutions, the delta between Low and Ultra is consistent: 52 FPS at 1080p, 46.2 FPS at 1440p, and 43.6 FPS at 4K. This suggests that the GPU’s shader and texture units are being fully utilized, and the core clock of 1683 MHz is not enough to compensate for the increased workload.

CPU Role

The Intel Core i5-12600KF is a 10-core, 16-thread processor from the Alder Lake architecture, with a base clock of 3.70 GHz and a boost clock of 4.90 GHz. It has a 20 MB shared L3 cache and supports both DDR4 and DDR5 memory. Its benchmark scores are strong: a Cinebench R23 multicore score of 23444 and a single-core score of 3309. The Passmark multithread score is 27575, and the single-thread score is 3925. In Overpower, the CPU’s role is to handle game logic and frame preparation. The data shows that at 1080p Low, the frame rate is 105.7 FPS, which is likely near the CPU’s maximum output for this game. However, when the resolution increases to 4K, the frame rate drops to 81 FPS at Low, indicating that the GPU is now the bottleneck. The CPU’s 84th percentile ranking against all CPUs means it is far more capable than the GPU, and its nearest rivals include the Intel Core i9-10900K (delta 0%) and the Intel Core i5-12600K (delta -0.1%). The CPU is not the limiting factor in this combo; it has ample headroom. The 10 cores and 16 threads are more than sufficient for Overpower’s workload, and the boost clock of 4.90 GHz ensures responsive single-thread performance. The data indicates that users should focus on GPU upgrades to improve frame rates, as the CPU will not hold back the system in this title.