SYSTEM ANALYZER

Rate My PC: Intel Core i9-12900KS + NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070

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Build Configuration

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PROCESSOR (CPU)

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GRAPHICS CARD (GPU)

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92 Score

Top 8% Ranking

92 / 100

ULTIMATE READY

Apex Performer

Top 8% of systems. Capable of 4K Ultra gaming and advanced rendering.

4K 60+ FPSVR ReadyRay Tracing

System Balance Analysis

CPU vs GPU performance ratio

Well Balanced

CPU

93%

GPU

90%

PROCESSOR

Intel Core i9-12900KS

45,094 Benchmark Score

Top 7% Market Ranking

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GRAPHICS CARD

NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070

17,208 Benchmark Score

Top 10% Market Ranking

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Market Position

How your build compares to others

Budget

0-30

Mid-Range

30-60

High-End

60-85

Enthusiast

85-100

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Optimal Performance

Your system is in the top tier. You can run any modern game at maximum settings.

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Performance Tiers Explained

90-100

Ultimate

4K Ultra gaming, VR ready, ray tracing enabled, professional workloads

4K 60+ FPS VR Ready

70-89

High-End

1440p Ultra or 4K High settings, excellent for modern AAA titles

1440p Ultra 4K High

50-69

Mid-Range

1080p Ultra or 1440p Medium, great value for most gamers

1080p Ultra 1440p Med

30-49

Entry Level

1080p Medium settings, suitable for eSports and older titles

1080p Med eSports

0-29

Legacy

Basic gaming, older titles, consider upgrading for modern games

720p-1080p Low Older Games

# Intel Core i9-12900KS + NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070: A Desktop Powerhouse with an Interesting Balance

This pairing combines Intel's flagship Alder Lake-S processor, the Core i9-12900KS, with NVIDIA's Ampere-based GeForce RTX 3070 in a desktop configuration. The CPU sits at the 89th percentile among all processors, while the GPU occupies the 61st percentile among all graphics cards, creating a system where the processor clearly outclasses the graphics component in relative performance. The combined percentile for this build is 75, indicating a solidly above-average overall configuration. Notably, the FACT PACK contains no measured FPS data for this exact CPU+GPU combination, so all gaming performance discussion must be framed as estimates derived from the individual benchmark scores. This analysis will explore what the data reveals about rendering capabilities, compute workloads, platform longevity, and the practical implications of pairing a top-tier enthusiast CPU with a mid-to-high-range GPU that is now end-of-life.

GPU Analysis — VRAM, bandwidth, clocks, RT/tensor hardware, what the benchmark scores mean for rendering

The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 is built on the GA104 chip using Samsung's 8 nm process, packing 17,400 million transistors across a 392 mm² die. The GPU operates at a base clock of 1500 MHz and a boost clock of 1725 MHz, with memory running at 1750 MHz (14 Gbps effective). It features 8 GB of GDDR6 memory on a 256-bit bus, delivering 448.0 GB/s of bandwidth — a figure that positions it well for 1440p rendering but may become a constraint at 4K with high-resolution textures. The memory subsystem is dual-channel in the sense of the 256-bit interface, though the CPU's memory support is separate and will be discussed later.

The RTX 3070 includes 5888 shading units, 184 texture mapping units, and 96 raster output units, giving it a pixel rate of 165.6 GPixel/s and a texture rate of 317.4 GTexel/s. Its FP32 compute throughput is 20.31 TFLOPS, with FP16 also at 20.31 TFLOPS (1:1 ratio), meaning there is no dedicated half-precision boost. Ray tracing hardware is present in the form of 46 RT cores, while 184 tensor cores handle AI-accelerated workloads like DLSS. The GPU supports DirectX 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL 4.6, and Vulkan 1.4, making it fully modern in API compatibility.

Benchmark results for the GPU show a Passmark G3D score of 22214, which places it at the 61st percentile among all GPUs. Its average benchmark score is 17208, and its nearest rivals are the AMD Radeon RX 7600 XT (0.7% ahead), NVIDIA GeForce GTX 690 (1% ahead), AMD Radeon HD 7970M (1.1% ahead), and NVIDIA Tesla K40c (1.5% behind). The 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score is 3162, while Geekbench OpenCL and Vulkan scores are 112821 and 21022, respectively. Passmark GPU Compute score is 11195, indicating strong general-purpose compute performance. The DirectX 12 Passmark score of 85 is notably lower than DirectX 11 (182) and DirectX 9 (247), suggesting that the card performs relatively better in older APIs — an interesting data point for backward compatibility.

For rendering workloads, the 8 GB VRAM and 448.0 GB/s bandwidth are adequate for 1080p and 1440p gaming, as well as 3D rendering tasks that fit within the frame buffer. The 46 RT cores provide hardware-accelerated ray tracing, but the 8 GB capacity may limit ray-traced scenes with heavy geometry and lighting data. The tensor cores enable DLSS, which can effectively boost frame rates by rendering at lower resolutions and upscaling. The GPU's 20.31 TFLOPS FP32 throughput is substantial for compute-heavy rendering tasks like Blender Cycles or Octane, though professional users might desire more VRAM. The card's end-of-life production status suggests it is being phased out in favor of newer generations, but its benchmark scores remain competitive in its percentile tier.

FAQ — 5-7 Q&A pairs answerable from FACT PACK data

Q: What is the combined performance percentile of this CPU+GPU build?

A: The combined percentile for this desktop build is 75, placing it in the top quarter of all configurations in the benchmark database.

Q: How does the Intel Core i9-12900KS compare to its nearest CPU rivals in average benchmark score?

A: The i9-12900KS has an average benchmark score of 45094, which is 0.1% behind the AMD EPYC 4344P (45122), 0.5% ahead of the Intel Core i5-14600 (44889), 1.2% ahead of the AMD Ryzen 5 7500X3D (44573), and 1.4% ahead of the Intel Core Ultra X9 388H (44466).

Q: What is the GPU's percentile ranking and its closest competitor?

A: The RTX 3070 ranks at the 61st percentile among all GPUs, with its nearest rival being the AMD Radeon RX 7600 XT, which is 0.7% ahead in average benchmark score (17083 vs. the RTX 3070's 17208 — note the RTX 3070 is actually ahead of some rivals).

Q: Does the CPU support ECC memory, and what memory types are compatible?

A: Yes, the Intel Core i9-12900KS supports ECC memory, and it is compatible with both DDR4 and DDR5 memory modules, operating on a dual-channel memory bus with a bandwidth of 76.8 GB/s.

Q: What is the PCIe generation and lane configuration for the CPU?

A: The CPU provides PCIe Gen 5 with 16 lanes (CPU only), while the GPU uses a PCIe 4.0 x16 bus interface, meaning the graphics card runs at Gen 4 speeds even though the CPU supports Gen 5.

Q: What is the launch MSRP of the CPU and GPU?

A: The Intel Core i9-12900KS had a launch MSRP of $739, and the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 had a launch MSRP of 499 USD.

Q: How many RT cores and tensor cores does the RTX 3070 have?

A: The RTX 3070 features 46 RT cores for ray tracing and 184 tensor cores for AI-accelerated tasks such as DLSS, along with 5888 shading units.

CPU Analysis — cores, clocks, architecture, what the benchmark scores mean for real workloads

The Intel Core i9-12900KS is a 16-core, 24-thread processor based on the Alder Lake architecture, specifically the Alder Lake-S codename, manufactured on Intel's 10 nm process with a die size of 215 mm². It features a hybrid design with performance and efficiency cores, though the FACT PACK does not specify the exact P-core/E-core split. The base clock is 3.40 GHz, and the boost clock reaches 5.50 GHz, making it one of the highest-clocked desktop CPUs in its generation. The TDP is 150 W, and the multiplier is unlocked, allowing for overclocking. The processor has 80 KB of L1 cache per core, 1.25 MB of L2 cache per core, and 30 MB of shared L3 cache.

Benchmark scores reveal a processor that excels in both single-threaded and multi-threaded workloads. In Cinebench R23, it scores 36859 in multicore and 5203 in single-core, while in R20 it scores 15480 and 2185, respectively. Geekbench results show 18538 in multicore and 2408 in single-core. The 3DMark tests show scaling from 1121 in single-thread to 10316 in 16-thread and 11897 in max-threads, demonstrating strong thread scaling. Passmark tests show a multithread score of 43698, single-thread score of 4330, integer math at 147575, floating-point math at 111429, and data compression at 563709. The extended instructions score is 35089, indicating robust SIMD performance for workloads like video encoding and scientific computing.

The CPU's average benchmark score is 45094, placing it at the 89th percentile among all CPUs. Its nearest rivals are tightly clustered: the AMD EPYC 4344P is 0.1% ahead, the Intel Core i5-14600 is 0.5% behind, the AMD Ryzen 5 7500X3D is 1.2% behind, and the Intel Core Ultra X9 388H is 1.4% behind. This clustering suggests that the i9-12900KS is at the top of a performance plateau where several modern processors deliver nearly identical average scores, despite different architectures and core counts — the EPYC 4344P is a server chip, while the i5-14600 is a mainstream desktop part.

For real workloads, the 5.50 GHz boost clock and high single-thread score (5203 in R23) make it excellent for lightly-threaded tasks like gaming, office applications, and software compilation that relies on single-core speed. The 24 threads and 36859 R23 multicore score make it a capable workstation CPU for video editing, 3D rendering, and data processing. The Passmark physics score of 2437 and find prime numbers score of 158 indicate solid but not exceptional computational performance in those specific tests. The data encryption score of 31403 and random string sorting of 60539 suggest good performance in security and data manipulation tasks.

Upgrade Path and Platform — socket, memory support, PCIe, PSU headroom from suggestedPsu/tdp, what a sensible next upgrade looks like

The Intel Core i9-12900KS uses the Intel Socket 1700, which is the platform for 12th Gen Alder Lake processors. The CPU supports dual-channel DDR4 and DDR5 memory, with a memory bandwidth of 76.8 GB/s and ECC support. The PCIe Gen 5 interface with 16 CPU lanes provides high-bandwidth connectivity for modern NVMe SSDs and future expansion cards, though the RTX 3070 uses PCIe 4.0 x16, which is fully compatible but does not take advantage of Gen 5 bandwidth. The integrated UHD Graphics 770 provides a fallback display output if the discrete GPU is removed or fails.

The GPU has a TDP of 220 W, and the suggested PSU rating is 550 W. The CPU has a TDP of 150 W, meaning the combined TDP of CPU and GPU is 370 W, leaving headroom for other components within the 550 W suggestion. However, the CPU's boost behavior and potential overclocking (multiplier unlocked) could increase power draw beyond the 150 W TDP, and users should consider a higher-capacity PSU for headroom if they plan to overclock both components. The GPU uses a 1x 12-pin power connector, and its dual-slot design with a length of 242 mm (9.5 inches) and height of 112 mm (4.4 inches) should fit in most mid-tower cases.

A sensible next upgrade path within this platform would be to replace the RTX 3070 with a more powerful GPU that better matches the CPU's 89th-percentile performance, since the GPU sits at only the 61st percentile. The CPU's PCIe Gen 5 support means newer GPUs with Gen 5 interfaces would be backward-compatible but not fully utilized. Alternatively, users could wait for a future socket change, as Socket 1700 is specific to 12th Gen (and potentially 13th/14th Gen, though the FACT PACK does not confirm compatibility). Memory could be upgraded from DDR4 to DDR5 if the motherboard supports it, but this would require a motherboard change. The ECC memory support is an interesting feature for workstation users who prioritize data integrity.

Benchmark Performance — exact CPU and GPU scores, percentile positions, and what the combined picture is

The CPU's average benchmark score is 45094, placing it at the 89th percentile among all CPUs. The GPU's average benchmark score is 17208, placing it at the 61st percentile among all GPUs. The combined percentile for this build is 75, which is between the two individual percentiles, reflecting the fact that the CPU is relatively stronger than the GPU. The CPU's nearest rivals are all within 1.4% of its score, indicating that the i9-12900KS is at the edge of a performance tier where small differences separate top contenders. The GPU's nearest rivals are also closely matched, with the RX 7600 XT just 0.7% ahead, the GTX 690 1% ahead, and the HD 7970M 1.1% ahead, while the Tesla K40c is 1.5% behind.

In specific CPU benchmarks, the i9-12900KS achieves 36859 in Cinebench R23 multicore, which is a strong result for a desktop processor, and 5203 in single-core, which is excellent for gaming and lightly-threaded productivity. The Geekbench multicore score of 18538 and single-core of 2408 reinforce this pattern. The 3DMark scores show scaling from 1121 (single-thread) to 7872 (8-thread) to 11897 (max-threads), demonstrating that the processor gains 10.6x performance when going from one thread to all threads — a healthy scaling factor that suggests good core utilization.

For the GPU, the Passmark G3D score of 22214 is the primary gaming performance indicator, while the 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score of 3162 provides a modern DirectX 12 workload measurement. The Geekbench OpenCL score of 112821 and Vulkan score of 21022 show strong cross-API performance. The Passmark GPU Compute score of 11195 indicates that the GPU is also capable in compute tasks, though not at the level of dedicated workstation cards. The combined picture is a system where the CPU is near the top of its class, while the GPU is solidly mid-to-high-range, creating an imbalance where the CPU is unlikely to be the bottleneck in most workloads.

Usage Scenarios — grounded in the scores: high-refresh gaming, streaming, video editing, 3D rendering, software development, student and office work. One short paragraph per scenario, citing the numbers that support the verdict

High-refresh gaming: The CPU's single-thread score of 5203 in Cinebench R23 and boost clock of 5.50 GHz provide the per-core performance needed to drive high frame rates in esports and competitive titles at 1080p or 1440p. The GPU's Passmark G3D score of 22214 and 8 GB GDDR6 memory with 448.0 GB/s bandwidth should handle most games at 1440p with high settings, though the 61st percentile GPU ranking means it may not achieve maximum refresh rates on the most demanding titles at 4K. The 46 RT cores enable ray tracing, but 8 GB VRAM may limit ultra-quality ray-traced scenarios.

Streaming: The CPU's 24 threads and 36859 Cinebench R23 multicore score provide ample headroom for software encoding, while the GPU's 184 tensor cores and 20.31 TFLOPS FP32 throughput support hardware-accelerated encoding and AI-driven features like DLSS. The combined TDP of 370 W (150 W CPU + 220 W GPU) fits within the 550 W suggested PSU, leaving some headroom for capture cards and peripherals. Streaming at 1080p60 with a game running simultaneously should be feasible given the CPU's strong multi-threaded performance.

Video editing: The CPU's multicore score of 36859 in R23 and Geekbench multicore of 18538 make it well-suited for timeline playback and rendering in applications like Premiere Pro or DaVinci Resolve. The GPU's 8 GB VRAM and 448.0 GB/s bandwidth can accelerate effects and color grading, while the 184 tensor cores support AI-based tools like noise reduction and upscaling. The Passmark floating-point math score of 111429 indicates strong number-crunching for video processing tasks.

3D rendering: The CPU's 24 threads deliver 36859 in Cinebench R23 multicore, which is a direct indicator of CPU-based rendering performance in Cinema 4D and similar software. The GPU's 20.31 TFLOPS FP32 and 46 RT cores provide hardware-accelerated ray tracing for GPU-based renderers, though 8 GB VRAM may be limiting for large scenes. The Passmark GPU Compute score of 11195 suggests the GPU is capable but not top-tier for compute-heavy rendering.

Software development: The CPU's 16 cores and 24 threads, combined with a boost clock of 5.50 GHz, provide fast compilation times for both parallel builds and single-threaded tasks like code indexing. The Passmark integer math score of 147575 and data compression score of 563709 indicate strong performance in code compilation and asset processing. The ECC memory support is a bonus for developers working on data-intensive applications where memory errors are a concern.

Student and office work: The CPU's single-thread score of 4330 in Passmark and 5203 in R23 single-core ensure snappy responsiveness in web browsing, document editing, and spreadsheet work. The integrated UHD Graphics 770 provides a backup for office tasks if the discrete GPU is not needed. The 150 W CPU TDP and 550 W suggested PSU mean the system is not overly power-hungry for a desktop, though it is not a low-power build. The 89th percentile CPU ranking means this system is overkill for basic office tasks, but it provides long-term headroom for more demanding applications.

Who Should Build It — target users and industries (gamers at specific resolutions, content creators, developers, students, small business workstations) tied strictly to the measured performance

This build targets users who prioritize CPU performance above all else, given the 89th-percentile CPU ranking versus the 61st-percentile GPU ranking. Gamers at 1080p and 1440p will benefit from the CPU's 5.50 GHz boost clock and single-thread score of 5203, which prevent CPU bottlenecks in frame generation, while the RTX 3070's 22214 Passmark G3D score delivers high-settings gameplay at those resolutions. At 4K, the GPU's 8 GB VRAM and 61st percentile ranking may become a limiting factor, so this is not a 4K-focused build.

Content creators working in video editing, 3D rendering, and graphic design will find the CPU's 36859 Cinebench R23 multicore score and 24 threads well-suited for rendering and encoding, while the GPU's 20.31 TFLOPS and 46 RT cores accelerate preview and final-frame ray tracing. The ECC memory support makes this platform appealing for professionals who need data integrity in scientific computing, financial modeling, or database work. Software developers will appreciate the fast compilation times from the 16 cores and high integer math score of 147575.

Small business workstations that run virtualization, data analysis, or engineering simulations will leverage the CPU's 89th-percentile performance and 24 threads for multi-tasking. The GPU's 11195 Passmark GPU Compute score adds CUDA acceleration for supported applications. Students in engineering, computer science, or digital media programs will find this build overqualified for coursework but ready for thesis-level computation or rendering projects. The end-of-life status of the GPU suggests that buyers should consider future driver support, but the current benchmark scores remain competitive in its class.

Build Overview — what this CPU+GPU pairing is, its class (desktop/laptop from buildClass), and overall tier from the percentiles

This is a desktop-class build (buildClass: "desktop") pairing Intel's flagship Core i9-12900KS (89th percentile CPU) with NVIDIA's GeForce RTX 3070 (61st percentile GPU). The combined percentile of 75 places this system in the upper tier of all desktop configurations, but the gap between CPU and GPU percentiles (28 points) indicates that the processor is significantly stronger relative to the graphics card. The CPU's average benchmark score of 45094 is nearly 2.6 times the GPU's average of 17208, though these numbers are not directly comparable across component types.

The i9-12900KS is a 16-core, 24-thread Alder Lake-S processor with a 5.50 GHz boost clock and 150 W TDP, launched in April 2022 with a launch MSRP of $739. The RTX 3070 is an Ampere-based GPU with 5888 shading units, 8 GB GDDR6, and a 220 W TDP, launched in August 2020 with a launch MSRP of 499 USD. The GPU is marked as end-of-life, while the CPU is still active in production. This pairing represents a generation gap, with the CPU being newer (2022) than the GPU (2020), and the CPU's 89th percentile versus the GPU's 61st percentile reflects this difference in relative age and performance class.

The overall tier of this build is "upper mid-range to high-end," driven primarily by the CPU's top-tier performance. The GPU is competitive but not flagship-level, making this a system that excels in CPU-bound workloads while being merely adequate in GPU-bound tasks. The 75th combined percentile means it outperforms three-quarters of all builds in the database, but users seeking balanced performance might consider a more powerful GPU to match the CPU's capabilities.

Balance and Bottleneck — which component limits which workload, using percentiles and FPS scaling as evidence

The data clearly shows a CPU-heavy imbalance: the i9-12900KS sits at the 89th percentile among CPUs, while the RTX 3070 sits at the 61st percentile among GPUs. This 28-point gap means that in GPU-bound workloads (gaming at high resolutions, ray-traced rendering, CUDA compute), the GPU will be the limiting factor. In CPU-bound workloads (physics simulation, data compression, software compilation), the CPU will provide ample performance, and the GPU may still be able to keep up in some cases.

In gaming, the CPU's single-thread score of 5203 (Cinebench R23) and boost clock of 5.50 GHz ensure that the CPU can feed frames quickly, but the GPU's Passmark G3D score of 22214 and 8 GB VRAM will cap frame rates at 1440p or 4K. At 1080p, the CPU may be the bottleneck in esports titles where high FPS is achievable, but at 1440p and above, the GPU becomes the limiting factor. The GPU's 448.0 GB/s bandwidth and 96 ROPs are respectable but not top-tier, so frame rates will scale with resolution and settings as expected from a 61st-percentile card.

In compute workloads, the CPU's 36859 Cinebench R23 multicore score far exceeds the GPU's 11195 Passmark GPU Compute score in relative terms, but they serve different purposes. For CPU rendering (e.g., Cinebench), the CPU dominates, while for GPU rendering (e.g., Octane), the GPU's 20.31 TFLOPS FP32 will be the constraint. The 8 GB VRAM will limit GPU rendering to scenes that fit within that memory, while the CPU's 30 MB L3 cache and 76.8 GB/s memory bandwidth provide ample data throughput for CPU-side tasks.

The suggested PSU of 550 W versus the combined TDP of 370 W (150 W CPU + 220 W GPU) indicates that power is not a bottleneck, but overclocking the CPU (multiplier unlocked) could push power draw higher. The PCIe Gen 5 CPU lanes versus the GPU's PCIe 4.0 x16 interface mean the GPU is not bandwidth-limited, but also does not benefit from the newer standard. Overall, the GPU is the primary bottleneck in most graphics-intensive workloads, while the CPU is over-provisioned for most tasks, making this a build where users should consider a GPU upgrade to achieve balance.

Gaming Performance — measured FPS by game and resolution from measuredFpsUltraByGame (or, if dataIsMeasured is false, frame expectations qualitatively from the benchmark scores and say the figures are estimates)

The FACT PACK contains no measured FPS data for this exact CPU+GPU combination — the measuredFpsUltraByGame field is empty, and dataIsMeasured is false. Therefore, all FPS figures presented here are estimates derived from the individual benchmark scores, not from direct testing of this pairing. The GPU's Passmark G3D score of 22214 and 3DMark Steel Nomad DX12 score of 3162 suggest that at 1080p with ultra settings, most modern games should achieve 60-100 FPS, with esports titles reaching 144+ FPS due to the CPU's 5.50 GHz boost clock and single-thread score of 5203.

At 1440p ultra, the GPU's 8 GB VRAM and 448.0 GB/s bandwidth will likely deliver 50-80 FPS in AAA titles, with ray tracing enabled potentially dropping below 60 FPS in demanding scenes. The 46 RT cores provide hardware acceleration, but the 61st-percentile GPU ranking means it is not a top-tier ray-tracing performer. At 4K ultra, frame rates would likely fall to 30-50 FPS, and the 8 GB VRAM may cause texture streaming issues in games with large, high-resolution texture packs.

For competitive gaming at 1080p with lower settings, the CPU's 89th-percentile performance ensures that frame rates are CPU-limited, potentially exceeding 200 FPS in games like CS:GO or Valorant, though these are estimates. The GPU's Passmark DirectX 11 score of 182 (versus 85 for DirectX 12) suggests that older games or API versions may run relatively better than newer DX12 titles. The overall picture is a system that can handle 1080p and 1440p gaming comfortably, but users seeking 4K or ultra-ray-traced experiences should look to a more powerful GPU to match the CPU's capabilities. These figures are estimates and should be treated as such, pending direct measurement.

Rate My PC: Intel Core i9-12900KS + NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070

Apex Performer

System Balance Analysis

Intel Core i9-12900KS

NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070

Market Position

Game Performance Benchmarks

Cyberpunk 2077

Red Dead Redemption 2

Microsoft Flight Simulator

Control

Call of Duty: Warzone

Fortnite

Performance Insights

Optimal Performance

4K Gaming Ready

Performance Tiers Explained

Ultimate

High-End

Mid-Range

Entry Level

Legacy

GPU Analysis — VRAM, bandwidth, clocks, RT/tensor hardware, what the benchmark scores mean for rendering

FAQ — 5-7 Q&A pairs answerable from FACT PACK data

CPU Analysis — cores, clocks, architecture, what the benchmark scores mean for real workloads

Upgrade Path and Platform — socket, memory support, PCIe, PSU headroom from suggestedPsu/tdp, what a sensible next upgrade looks like

Benchmark Performance — exact CPU and GPU scores, percentile positions, and what the combined picture is

Usage Scenarios — grounded in the scores: high-refresh gaming, streaming, video editing, 3D rendering, software development, student and office work. One short paragraph per scenario, citing the numbers that support the verdict

Who Should Build It — target users and industries (gamers at specific resolutions, content creators, developers, students, small business workstations) tied strictly to the measured performance

Build Overview — what this CPU+GPU pairing is, its class (desktop/laptop from buildClass), and overall tier from the percentiles

Balance and Bottleneck — which component limits which workload, using percentiles and FPS scaling as evidence

Gaming Performance — measured FPS by game and resolution from measuredFpsUltraByGame (or, if dataIsMeasured is false, frame expectations qualitatively from the benchmark scores and say the figures are estimates)

4K Gaming Performance

Cyberpunk 2077

Red Dead Redemption 2

Microsoft Flight Simulator

Control

Call of Duty: Warzone

Fortnite

1440p Gaming Performance

Cyberpunk 2077

Red Dead Redemption 2

Microsoft Flight Simulator

Control

Call of Duty: Warzone

Fortnite

1080p Gaming Performance

Cyberpunk 2077

Red Dead Redemption 2

Microsoft Flight Simulator

Control

Call of Duty: Warzone

Fortnite

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